Landscapes Forest and Global Change - ESA - Escola Superior ...

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S. Frank et al. 2010. A regionally adaptable approach of landscape assessment using landscape metrics 41 Fortin, M.J., Boots, B., Csillag, F., and Remmel, T.K. 2003. On the role of spatial stochastic models in understanding landscape indices in ecology. Oikos 102: 203-212. Fuerst, C., Davidsson, C., Pietzsch, K., Abiy, M., Volk, M., Lorz, C., and Makeschin, F. 2008. "Pimp your landscape" - an interactive land-use planning support tool. In Geo- Environment and Landscape Evolution III, pp. 219-232. Wit Press. Goria, A., and Gambarelli, G. 2004. Economic Evaluation of Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation in Italy. FEEM Working Paper No. 103.04. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=569122. Krüsemann, E. 2006. Der Biotopverbund nach § 3 BNatSchG. Natur und Recht 28: 546-554. Lang, S., Walz, U., Klug, H., Blaschke, T., and Syrbe, R.-U. 2009. Landscape Metrics - A toolbox for assessing past, present and future landscape structures. In Geoinformation Technologies for Geocultural Landscapes: European Perspectives. (eds. O. Bender, N. Evelpidou, A. Krek, and A. Vassilopoulos), pp. 207-234. CRC Press Leiden, Leiden. Lausch, A., and Herzog, F. 2002. Applicability of landscape metrics for the monitoring of landscape change: issues of scale, resolution and interpretability. Ecological Indicators 2: 3-15. McGarigal, K., and Marks, B.J. 1995. FRAGSTATS: spatial pattern analysis program for quantifying landscape structure. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, pp. 122. Molden, D. 2007. Water for food, water for life: A Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture. Earthscan, London, UK, pp. 645. Rosenberg, N.J. 1992. Adaptation of agriculture to climate change. Climatic Change 21: 385- 405. SRU. 2000. Umweltgutachten 2000 - Schritte ins nächste Jahrtausend. Metzler-Poeschel, Stuttgart, pp. 688. Steinhardt, U., Herzog, F., Lausch, A., Mueller, E., and Lehmann, S. 1999. The Hemeroby Index for Landscape Monitoring and Evaluation. In Environmental Indices. Systems Analysis Approach. (eds. Y.A. Pykh, E. Hyatt, and R.J.M. Lenz), pp. 237-257. EOLSS Oxford, Oxford. Van den Berg, R.D., and Feinstein, O. 2009. Evaluating Climate Change and Development. Transaction Publications, Piscataway, New Jersey. Zebisch, M., Wechsung, F., and Kenneweg, H. 2004. Landscape response functions for biodiversity--assessing the impact of land-use changes at the county level. Landscape and Urban Planning 67: 157-172. Zomer, R.J., Trabucco, A., Bossio, D.A., and Verchot, L.V. 2008. Climate change mitigation: A spatial analysis of global land suitability for clean development mechanism afforestation and reforestation. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 126: 67-80. Forest Landscapes and Global Change-New Frontiers in Management, Conservation and Restoration. Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology Working Group International Conference, September 21-27, 2010, Bragança, Portugal. J.C. Azevedo, M. Feliciano, J. Castro & M.A. Pinto (eds.) 2010, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
M. García et al. 2010. The effect of land cover changes on the habitat of Baird’s tapir in Laguna Lachuá 42 The effect of land cover changes (1960’s-2003) on the habitat morphological spatial pattern and population viability of Baird’s tapir in Laguna Lachuá National Park Influence Zone, Guatemala Manolo García 1* , Fernando Castillo 1 , Raquel Leonardo 1 , Liza García 1 & Ivonne Gómez 1 1 Centro de Datos para la Conservación, Centro de Estudios Conservacionistas, Universidad de San Carlos, Guatemala Abstract The current anthropogenic morphological spatial patterns (MSP) of forests usually are not suitable for large mammals such as Baird’s tapir, the largest terrestrial mammal in the Neotropics. We intended to evaluate how changes in MSP affected the population viability (PV) of this species. Using land cover images we determined the MSP in different years using software GUIDOS. PV was modeled using software VORTEX. The species habitat reduced from approximately 95% to 46% of the study area. From 1960 to 1983 the majority of the area was core with a few perforations. In 1991 more than the 50% of the core was loss, since then, the reduction of corridors, islets and branches, increased the isolation of the park. The PV changed from 0% to 80% probability of extinction. Results show that habitat modification has accelerated the extinction process. Redirect this tendency is a challenge to land use planning and wildlife conservation. Keywords: spatial pattern population viability Tapir 1. Introduction Human activities have modified morphological spatial patterns of natural ecosystems causing great impacts in wildlife (Cuarón, 2000, McCullough, 1996, Escamilla et al., 2000). One of the most common disturbances in tropical lowlands at northeastern Guatemala is the transformation of tropical forest for livestock and currently Oil palm plantations, causing habitat reduction and fragmentation, as well as its degradation. Large mammals are especially susceptible to habitat reduction and fragmentation (Kinnaird et al., 2003). Baird’s tapir is the largest native terrestrial mammal in the Neotropics, including Guatemala, with a body size of 2 meter long, 1.5 meters height and a body weight of 100 to 350 kilograms (Emmons, 1990). We intended to evaluate how changes in land cover from 1960s to 2000s have affected the population viability of this species. 2. Methodology 2.1 Study area The study area was the Laguna Lachuá National Park’s (LLNP) influence zone. The LLNP is a 14.5 square kilometers protected area in the north of Guatemala surrounded by rural communities, mainly Mayan Kekchí, and also big farms. It is traversed by a road known as * Corresponding author. Tel.:+502 55538913 Email address: garcia.manolo@usac.edu.gt Forest Landscapes and Global Change-New Frontiers in Management, Conservation and Restoration. Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology Working Group International Conference, September 21-27, 2010, Bragança, Portugal. J.C. Azevedo, M. Feliciano, J. Castro & M.A. Pinto (eds.) 2010, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
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Landscapes Forest and Global Change
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The contributions to this volume ha
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Section 3 Disturbances in changing
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A. Altamirano et al. 2010. Human-ca
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T. Curt & J. Pausas 2010. Are chang
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R.A Fleming et al. 2010. Forest man
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P.C. Goebel et al. 2010. How import
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L.R. Iverson et al. 2010. Merger of
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L.R.P. Williamson et al. 2010. Anth
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N. Zurbriggen et al. 2010. Modeling
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Section 4 Biodiversity conservation
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Akbarzadeh et al. 2010. Ecotourism
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Akbarzadeh et al. 2010. Ecotourism
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C. Carvalho-Santos 2010. Fine-scale
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R.A. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Asses
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P.A.E. Diogo & J. Aranha 2010. GIS
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V. Etemad & N. Avani 2010. Investig
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A.E. Eycott et al. 2010. The impact
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Sara Marques et al. 2010. Impact of
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M.G.C. Martins & J. Aranha 2010. El
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M.C. Rodrigues et al. 2010. Charact
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N. Avani et al. 2010. Investigation
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J. Russell et al. 2010. Developing
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Section 9 Symposia
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Network theory to conserve and reco
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D. Geni et al. 2010. A framework fo
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IUFRO Unit 8.01.02 Landscape Ecolog
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