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K. Koschke et al. 2010. Using a multi-criteria approach to fit the evaluation basis of “Pimp Your Landscape” 507 Table 2: Compilation of data derived from different studies with corresponding value points assigned to LUTs. LUTs for which no data were available are not depicted. Land-use function (LUF) Ecological Functioning Ecological functioning/Aesthetics CC Mitigation Associated indicator N-export 1 Soil sealing 2 Run-off coefficient 2 (kg N ha -1 a -1 ) Points (%) Points (Ψ) Points Continuous urban fabric 20 0 73 0 0.7 13 Discontinuous urban fabric - ‐ 31 58 0.325 59 Road and rail networks - ‐ - - 0.8 0 Mineral extraction sites 9.1 98 - - - - Non-irrigated arable land - ‐ 0 100 0.15 81 Vineyards 11.2 79 0 100 - - Fruit trees & berry plantations 11.3 78 0 100 - - Pastures - ‐ 0 100 0.1 88 Agro-forestry areas - ‐ 0 100 - - Broad-leaved forest 8.9 100 0 100 - - Coniferous forest 13.7 57 0 100 - - Mixed forest - ‐ 0 100 - Natural grasslands - ‐ 0 100 - - Water bodies 15.9 37 0 100 0 100 1 (LfULG 2009), 2 (Arlt 2001) Table 3: Draft matrix for the assessment of regionally relevant land-cover types. Displayed indicator scores (light grey and grey fields) stand for an LUTs capacity to sustain specific ecosystem services. Original statistical and measured (modelled) data values were normalized to the scoring scale (0-100). For incommensurable criteria, values will be estimated and existing data gaps (dark grey fields) completed using expert knowledge. The weighted mean of criteria scores corresponds to the final evaluation and will be displayed in the black fields. Forest Landscapes and Global Change-New Frontiers in Management, Conservation and Restoration. Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology Working Group International Conference, September 21-27, 2010, Bragança, Portugal. J.C. Azevedo, M. Feliciano, J. Castro & M.A. Pinto (eds.) 2010, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
J.-F. Mas et al. 2010. Assessing “spatially explicit” land use/cover change models 508 Assessing “spatially explicit” land use/cover change models Jean-François Mas 1* , Azucena Pérez Vega 2 & Keith Clarke 3 1 Centro de Investigaciones en Geografía Ambiental - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico 2 Departamento de Ingeniería Civil - Universidad de Guanajuato, Mexico 3 Department of Geography – University of California - Santa Barbara, USA Abstract Spatially explicit land use/cover change (LUCC) models aim at predicting the location and pattern of LUCC. The simulation involves a spatial procedure which identifies the potential locations of change and eventually replicates the patterns of the landscape. Generally, evaluation is based upon the comparison of the simulated map and a true map of the same date. However, most of the evaluation techniques only evaluate the spatial coincidence between simulated and true changes and do not assess the ability of the model to simulate the landscape patterns. Simulated maps obtained by two models (DINAMICA and Land Change Modeler) were evaluated using a fuzzy similarity index and landscape metrics. Results show that more realistic simulated landscape are often obtained at the expense of location coincidence. When patterns of landscape is an important issue (e.g. Fragmentation), indices taking into account spatial patterns, and not just location, should be used to assess model performance. Keywords:land use/cover change, modeling, landscape metrics, assessment 1. Introduction Over the last decades, a range of “spatially explicit” computational models of LUCC have been developed for the projection of alternative scenarios into the future, for conducting experiments that test our understanding of key processes, and for describing the latter in quantitative terms (Veldkamp and Lambin 2001; Xiang and Clarke 2003). Among these models, process-based models, closely related with geographic information systems, view land use and cover changes as transition process from one state to other states. Typical examples are models based on cellular automata and Markov process models, such as the two models used in the present study. 2. Material We used the programs DINAMICA EGO and Land Change Modeler in IDRISI for LUCC modeling. DINAMICA EGO is a cellular automata-based model which has been applied in a variety of studies, including modeling tropical deforestation (Soares-Filho et al. 2002 and 2006; Cuevas and Mas 2008) and urban growth and dynamics (Godoy and Soares-Filho 2008). Land Change Modeler (available in IDRISI) provides tools for the assessment and projection of land cover change, and their implications for species habitat and biodiversity (Eastman 2006; Gontier et al. 2009; Koi and Murayama 2010). Statistical analysis and graphs were created using R (R Development Core Team 2009). * Corresponding author. Tel.: +52 443 328 38 35 - Fax: +52 443 38 80 Email address: jfmas@ciga.unam.mx Forest Landscapes and Global Change-New Frontiers in Management, Conservation and Restoration. Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology Working Group International Conference, September 21-27, 2010, Bragança, Portugal. J.C. Azevedo, M. Feliciano, J. Castro & M.A. Pinto (eds.) 2010, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
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Landscapes Forest and Global Change
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The contributions to this volume ha
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Table of contents Foreword Preface
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Fine-scale mapping of High Nature V
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Characterization of a Maculinea alc
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Urban tree inventory and socio-econ
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xiii Foreword Twenty years ago, Dr.
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Section 1 Scaling in landscape anal
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V. Cortes et al. 2010. Environmenta
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S.F. Chen et al. 2010. A physiotope
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S. Frank et al. 2010. A regionally
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M. García et al. 2010. The effect
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E.S. Meier et al. 2010. Projections
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H. Moutahir et al. 2010. Applicatio
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H. Moutahir et al. 2010. Applicatio
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C. Palaghianu 2010. The use of Voro
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Section 3 Disturbances in changing
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A. Altamirano et al. 2010. Human-ca
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T. Curt & J. Pausas 2010. Are chang
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R.A Fleming et al. 2010. Forest man
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R.A Fleming et al. 2010. Forest man
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L.R. Iverson et al. 2010. Merger of
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T.-C. Lin et al. 2010. Immediate ef
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N. Zurbriggen et al. 2010. Modeling
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Section 4 Biodiversity conservation
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Akbarzadeh et al. 2010. Ecotourism
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Akbarzadeh et al. 2010. Ecotourism
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C. Carvalho-Santos 2010. Fine-scale
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I. Catalano et al. 2010. Wood macro
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P.A.E. Diogo & J. Aranha 2010. GIS
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Measures of landscape structure as
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Network theory to conserve and reco
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Management and conservation of Medi
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IUFRO Unit 8.01.02 Landscape Ecolog
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