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M.T.C. Rodrigues & V. Silva 2010. Landscape changes in a watershed in the southwest of Portugal 411 The changes in land cover of the study area, over time, referring to the three most representative classes are presented in Figure 3. It can be observed that the study area witnessed the most important alterations between 1895 and 1963 while it changed less markedly from 1963 to 2004/05. It may also be noticed that the "matrix" of the landscape, which consisted of the class Semi-natural vegetation in 1895, changed to Forest thereafter. The Semi-natural vegetation in 1895 occupied most of the watershed (65%), having suffered a dramatic decline between 1895 and 1963. Henceforth this land cover class did not undergo considerable changes, constituting about 5% of the study area. As regards Agriculture, this class occupied then a very low percentage of the area (about 2%) and, within 68 years, it increased substantially, reaching 29%. From 1963 to 2004/05 this class knew a decrease in its representativeness, more significant between 1990 and 2004/05. In the latter date the agricultural areas made up about 17% of the total area. The class Forest had a marked increase between 1895 and 1963, an insignificant decrease from 1963 to 1990 and a considerable increase between 1990 and 2004/05. In Figures 4, 5 and 6 an analysis of land cover by biophysical parameters is presented. Agriculture in general was practiced in less steep terrain. By contrast, semi-natural vegetation, except in 1895, occupied areas with more pronounced slope. The Forests were always located in all slope classes. In 1990 and 2004/05 semi-natural vegetation occupies, to a large extent, areas with high soil moisture content. Overall, agriculture is not practiced in areas with high soil moisture. In general semi-natural vegetation occurs in areas receiving low radiation. 4. Discussion The landscape transformations described in the present study are consistent with those that occurred in the south of the country, portrayed in various studies by other authors. After agriculture abandonment in the less suitable areas shrub cover increased. Semi-natural vegetation at present occupies areas that receive a smaller amount of solar radiation and to a considerable extent areas of high moisture availability. That is to say, vegetation has mainly recovered along the steep slopes of the rivers. These communities are structurally compex and consist of tall shrubs typical of the potential vegetation. This aspect has important consequences at the landscape level as these communities may constitute ecological corridors and thus allow the increase of diversity. References Beven, K. J. and Kirby, M. J., 1979. A physically based, variable contributing area model for basin hydrology. Hydrological. Sciences Bulletin, 24: 43-69. Costa, J. C., Aguiar, C., Capelo, J. H., Lousã, M. and Neto, C., 1998. Biogeografia de Portugal Continental. Quercetea, 0: 5-56. Costa, J. C., Capelo, J., Espírito Santo, M. D. and Lousã, M., 2002. Aditamentos à vegetação do Sector Divisório Português. Silva Lusitana, 10: 199-128. Feio, M., 1998. A Evolução da Agricultura no Alentejo Meridional. As Cartas Agrícolas de G. Pery. As Difíceis Perspectivas Actuais na Comunidade Europeia. Edições Colibri, Lisboa, 112 p. Fu, P. and Rich, P.M., 2002. A geometric solar radiation model with applications in agriculture and forestry. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 37: 25-35. Forest Landscapes and Global Change-New Frontiers in Management, Conservation and Restoration. Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology Working Group International Conference, September 21-27, 2010, Bragança, Portugal. J.C. Azevedo, M. Feliciano, J. Castro & M.A. Pinto (eds.) 2010, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
M.T.C. Rodrigues & V. Silva 2010. Landscape changes in a watershed in the southwest of Portugal 412 Study area Sado river basin Figure 1: Location of the study area B Figure 2: Part of the study area in 1947 (A) and in 2004/05 (B) 80 70 Area (%) 60 50 40 30 20 10 Forest Agriculture Semi‐natural vegetation 0 1895 1963 1990 2004/05 Forest Landscapes and Global Change-New Frontiers in Management, Conservation and Restoration. Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology Working Group International Conference, September 21-27, 2010, Bragança, Portugal. J.C. Azevedo, M. Feliciano, J. Castro & M.A. Pinto (eds.) 2010, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
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Landscapes Forest and Global Change
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The contributions to this volume ha
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Table of contents Foreword Preface
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Fine-scale mapping of High Nature V
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Characterization of a Maculinea alc
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Urban tree inventory and socio-econ
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xiii Foreword Twenty years ago, Dr.
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Section 1 Scaling in landscape anal
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V. Cortes et al. 2010. Environmenta
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D. S. de Ron et al. 2010. Habitat s
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B. Bożętka 2010. Recent relations
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S.F. Chen et al. 2010. A physiotope
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V.D. de Campos & S M. Carvalho 2010
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N.S. Evseeva & Z.N. Kvasnikova 2010
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N.S. Evseeva & Z.N. Kvasnikova 2010
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S. Frank et al. 2010. A regionally
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M. García et al. 2010. The effect
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M. García et al. 2010. The effect
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S. Gholami et al. 2010. Spatial pat
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P. González-Moreno et al. 2010. Th
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T. Höbinger et al. 2010. Impact of
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P. Matos et al. 2010. Can lichen fu
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E.S. Meier et al. 2010. Projections
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E.S. Meier et al. 2010. Projections
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H. Moutahir et al. 2010. Applicatio
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H. Moutahir et al. 2010. Applicatio
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C. Palaghianu 2010. The use of Voro
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F. Peña-Cortés et al. 2010. Spati
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F.M. Rabenilalana et al. 2010. Mult
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A. Ruskule et al. 2010. Patterns of
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E. Sayad 2010. Nitrogen retrancloca
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E. Sayad 2010. Nitrogen retrancloca
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G. Zhelezov 2010. Evaluation of the
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Section 3 Disturbances in changing
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A. Altamirano et al. 2010. Human-ca
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A. Altamirano et al. 2010. Human-ca
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T. Curt & J. Pausas 2010. Are chang
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R.A Fleming et al. 2010. Forest man
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R.A Fleming et al. 2010. Forest man
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P.C. Goebel et al. 2010. How import
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L.R. Iverson et al. 2010. Merger of
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T.-C. Lin et al. 2010. Immediate ef
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K. L. Martin & P.C. Goebel 2010. Im
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G.M. Pastur et al. 2010. Indirect e
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E.W Saragih et al. 2010. Effects of
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L.R.P. Williamson et al. 2010. Anth
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N. Zurbriggen et al. 2010. Modeling
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Section 4 Biodiversity conservation
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Akbarzadeh et al. 2010. Ecotourism
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Akbarzadeh et al. 2010. Ecotourism
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C. Carvalho-Santos 2010. Fine-scale
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I. Catalano et al. 2010. Wood macro
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R.A. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Exten
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R.A. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Asses
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P.A.E. Diogo & J. Aranha 2010. GIS
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P.A.E. Diogo & J. Aranha 2010. GIS
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V. Etemad & N. Avani 2010. Investig
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A.E. Eycott et al. 2010. The impact
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E. Fernández-Núñez et al. 2010.
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N. Fracassi & D. Somma 2010. Partic
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J. Hartter et al. 2010. Fortresses
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M.B. Horta et al. 2010. Landscape S
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J.O. López-Martínez et al. 2010.
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Sara Marques et al. 2010. Impact of
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M.G.C. Martins & J. Aranha 2010. El
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M.G.C. Martins & J. Aranha 2010. El
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J.-F. Mas et al. 2010. Modeling lan
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R.S. Moro & T.K. Pereira 2010. Eval
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R.S. Moro & C.H Rocha 2010. A metho
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V. Núñez et al. 2010. Landscape i
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S.G. Plexida & A.I. Sfougaris 2010.
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A. Poljanec & A. Boncina 2010. Chan
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M. Redon & S. Luque 2010. Tengmalm
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M.C.C. Rodrigues et al. 2010. Contr
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M.C. Silva et al. 2010. Using Busin
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T.N. Terra & R.F dos Santos 2010. L
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E. Tetetla-Rangel et al. 2010. Rela
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M. Tsibulnikova 2010. Economic esti
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M. Akbarzadeh & E. Kouhgardi 2010.
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J. Beldade & T. Panagopoulos 2010.
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R.A. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Quant
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I. Duarte & F.C. Rego 2010. Land us
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V. Caboun 2010. New classification
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M. Deconchat et al. 2010. Identific
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J. Gaspar et al. 2010. Visibility a
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J. Gaspar et al. 2010. Visibility a
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A.M. Geraldes 2010. Landscape runof
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K. Koschke et al. 2010. Using a mul
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J.-F. Mas et al. 2010. Assessing
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A. Matos et al. 2010. Economic valu
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A. Migliozzi et al. 2010. Land-use
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M.L Porto et al. 2010. Naturalness
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M.L Porto et al. 2010. Naturalness
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M. Rehor & V. Ondracek 2010. Applic
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J. Russell et al. 2010. Developing
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Section 7 Management and sustainabi
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P. Angelstam & M. Elbakidze. 2010.
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M. Castro et al. 2010. Relationship
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M. Elbakidze et al. 2010. Does fore
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E. Kouhgardi & M. Akbarzadeh 2010.
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E. Kouhgardi et al. 2010. Values of
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E. Kouhgardi et al. 2010. Values of
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E. Schimanski 2010. The importance
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L.A.M. da Silva & E. Shimanki 2010.
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N. Stryamets et al. 2010. Role of n
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E. Volkova 2010. The regional analy
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I. Löfström et al. 2010. Biodiver
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I. Silva et al. 2010. Lisbon’s pu
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Section 9 Symposia
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Z.L. Urech & J.P. Sorg 2010. Taking
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Measures of landscape structure as
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E.R. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Multi
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E. Penot 2010. Socio-economic diagn
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Network theory to conserve and reco
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S. Decout et al. 2010. Connectivity
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B. Terrones et al. 2010. Detecting
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M. Kolström et al. 2010. Is it pos
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J.P. Nunes et al. 2010. Impacts of
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Management and conservation of Medi
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P.M. Fernandes et al. 2010. Testing
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E. Andrieu et al. 2010. When forest
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D. Geni et al. 2010. A framework fo
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J.M. Rey Benayas 2010. Restoration
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IUFRO Unit 8.01.02 Landscape Ecolog
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