Landscapes Forest and Global Change - ESA - Escola Superior ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

I. Duarte & F.C. Rego 2010. Land use changes in Portugal between 1990 and 2005 359 However, with the XXI century arrival, it matters to understand if the trends are maintaining or, if something changed in the land-cover relation with society. With this study, we pretend to identify (1) the main changes in land use in Portugal between 1990 and 2005, (2) the general trends and (3) the dynamic relationship between the land use types. 2. Methodology We used as a basis for study two cartografic elements: Carta de Ocupação de Solo -1990 (COS90) from the responsibility of the Portuguese Geographic Institute (IGP) and the National Forest Inventory 2005 (IFN05) of the National Forest Authority (Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries). However, these mappings have been developed with different objectives. The first, inspired in the nomenclature of CORINE landcover, aims to give greater accuracy and detail to the Corine coverage, in Portugal (Caetano et al, 2007), assumed at the time as a tool to support planning studies, and decision making. IFN05 was conceived for supporting policies and forest management (DGRF, 2007). Thus, COS90 is presented on the form of polygons and is based on a alphanumeric information legend as type of occupation, first and second dominant species and a reference to density. In this map we obtain the total of 638 different land use type combinations. The IFN05, is presented on the form of 334390 points, in a grid of 2km for 2km, covering all continental Portuguese territory. This legend, also alphanumeric, but with a different nomenclature, was established for purposes of identification of type of use, dominant species, second and third dominant species, vertical structure, density and presence of other uses. Overall, we obtain 2163 land use type combinations. Methodology begans on data transformation in order to compare both cartografic elements. We used ArcGis 9.3 program package, to join tables, getting a grid of points with the information contained in each of the mappings in accordance with their original captions. Then we reclassified all the 334390 points, covering the whole territory, for the year 1990 and for the year 2005, with a general common nomenclature. This new classification was based, on the first level, on the type of land use: Forest, agriculture, shrublands, other (artificial) and wetlands. On the second level, considered the dominant specie (forest) or type of agriculture. In the class shrublands were included also clear cut, burnt, sown and young plantation areas as well as recently soil mobilized. We removed wetlands and remaining 328029 points. The comparability has made possible, such as the construction of the transition matrix, using the Microsoft Office Excel 2007. 3. Results To identify the land use changes between 1990 and 2005, we produced a transition matrix that explains the alterations between classes, showed in table 1. With this matrix, and figure 1 support, we can clearly verify the (1) significant increasing of shrublands, (2) the visible increase of Eucalyptus, irrigated agriculture and artificial occupancy, and (3) the losses of Pine, Cork & Holm oaks and unirrigated and other agricultures. The persistence index calculated was only 51%. This means that 49% of Portuguese territory suffered a transition for one other class, during the 15 years in analysis. Forest Landscapes and Global Change-New Frontiers in Management, Conservation and Restoration. Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology Working Group International Conference, September 21-27, 2010, Bragança, Portugal. J.C. Azevedo, M. Feliciano, J. Castro & M.A. Pinto (eds.) 2010, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
I. Duarte & F.C. Rego 2010. Land use changes in Portugal between 1990 and 2005 360 Table 1: Transition matrix between 1990 and 2005 Shrub Artificial Cork & Other forest Eucalyptus Pine Oaks Irrigated agriculture Unirrigated agriculture Other agriculture Total 2005 Holm oaks sp Shrublands 31052 3544 7112 2497 2561 16540 2501 728 9876 9597 86008 Artificial 1097 7502 251 240 428 1273 67 481 1860 2172 15371 Cork & 846 45 26247 775 465 1892 289 85 2045 1671 34360 Holm oaks Other forest 968 133 1179 2313 278 1323 436 257 1284 1214 9385 sp Eucalyptus 2296 346 645 524 15144 7874 118 265 1353 1012 29577 Pine 3708 278 514 1482 2014 19927 478 254 1376 1151 31182 Oaks 986 54 551 655 48 1042 1563 104 703 493 6199 Irrigated 315 359 1228 163 130 273 21 5850 10486 2807 21632 agriculture Unirrigated 2692 864 5759 548 359 1108 347 4171 32302 9938 58088 agriculture Other 1827 1055 1234 393 229 1161 230 1298 9441 19359 36227 agriculture Total 1990 45787 14180 44720 9590 21656 52413 6050 13493 70726 49414 328029 Analyzing the data, in figure 2, it is perceptible the gains and losses from each land use type from and to each other. So, shrublands, including clear cut, burnt, sown and young plantation areas, were the most significant transition report. The gains came mostly from Pine, unirrigated and other agricultures. The losses, with low proportions, were curiously with the same classes and with Eucalyptus. The exchanges with Cork & Holm were significant too, with just one way to shrublands and no return. 100000 Land use variation between 1990 and 2005 90000 80000 70000 Nr. points 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 Shrublands Artificial Cork & Holm oaks Other forest sp Eucalyptus Pine Oaks Irrigated agriculture Unirrigated agriculture Other agriculture 1990 46207 14368 44513 9654 21670 52448 6063 13615 71357 49573 2005 86325 15499 34429 9512 29605 31240 6216 21816 58196 36264 Figure 1: Comparison, for each land use type, between 1990 and 2005 Also in figure 2, despite Artificial land cover, mostly urban areas, had a slightly increase, the transitions with it were significant. The transitions from this one to shrublands were notable. This is probably a sign of abandonment. In the other way, a lot of agricultural and Pine forests switches to artificial areas. Cork & Holm oak forests decreased, turning into shrublands or unirrigated agriculture. The first one, due to abandonment, the second, probably correlated with the mortality of Cork & Holm, leaving only the agricultural part of the system. Forest Landscapes and Global Change-New Frontiers in Management, Conservation and Restoration. Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology Working Group International Conference, September 21-27, 2010, Bragança, Portugal. J.C. Azevedo, M. Feliciano, J. Castro & M.A. Pinto (eds.) 2010, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
Page 1 and 2:
Landscapes Forest and Global Change
Page 3:
The contributions to this volume ha
Page 6 and 7:
Table of contents Foreword Preface
Page 8 and 9:
Fine-scale mapping of High Nature V
Page 10 and 11:
Characterization of a Maculinea alc
Page 12 and 13:
Urban tree inventory and socio-econ
Page 14 and 15:
xiii Foreword Twenty years ago, Dr.
Page 16 and 17:
Section 1 Scaling in landscape anal
Page 18 and 19:
V. Cortes et al. 2010. Environmenta
Page 20 and 21:
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
D. S. de Ron et al. 2010. Habitat s
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
B. Bożętka 2010. Recent relations
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
S.F. Chen et al. 2010. A physiotope
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
V.D. de Campos & S M. Carvalho 2010
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Page 48 and 49:
N.S. Evseeva & Z.N. Kvasnikova 2010
Page 50 and 51:
N.S. Evseeva & Z.N. Kvasnikova 2010
Page 52 and 53:
S. Frank et al. 2010. A regionally
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
M. García et al. 2010. The effect
Page 60 and 61:
M. García et al. 2010. The effect
Page 62 and 63:
S. Gholami et al. 2010. Spatial pat
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
P. González-Moreno et al. 2010. Th
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
T. Höbinger et al. 2010. Impact of
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
P. Matos et al. 2010. Can lichen fu
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
E.S. Meier et al. 2010. Projections
Page 88 and 89:
E.S. Meier et al. 2010. Projections
Page 90 and 91:
H. Moutahir et al. 2010. Applicatio
Page 92 and 93:
H. Moutahir et al. 2010. Applicatio
Page 94 and 95:
C. Palaghianu 2010. The use of Voro
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
F. Peña-Cortés et al. 2010. Spati
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
F.M. Rabenilalana et al. 2010. Mult
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
A. Ruskule et al. 2010. Patterns of
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
E. Sayad 2010. Nitrogen retrancloca
Page 120 and 121:
E. Sayad 2010. Nitrogen retrancloca
Page 122 and 123:
G. Zhelezov 2010. Evaluation of the
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Section 3 Disturbances in changing
Page 130 and 131:
A. Altamirano et al. 2010. Human-ca
Page 132 and 133:
A. Altamirano et al. 2010. Human-ca
Page 134 and 135:
T. Curt & J. Pausas 2010. Are chang
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
R.A Fleming et al. 2010. Forest man
Page 142 and 143:
R.A Fleming et al. 2010. Forest man
Page 144 and 145:
P.C. Goebel et al. 2010. How import
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
L.R. Iverson et al. 2010. Merger of
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
T.-C. Lin et al. 2010. Immediate ef
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
K. L. Martin & P.C. Goebel 2010. Im
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
G.M. Pastur et al. 2010. Indirect e
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
E.W Saragih et al. 2010. Effects of
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
L.R.P. Williamson et al. 2010. Anth
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
N. Zurbriggen et al. 2010. Modeling
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Section 4 Biodiversity conservation
Page 194 and 195:
Akbarzadeh et al. 2010. Ecotourism
Page 196 and 197:
Akbarzadeh et al. 2010. Ecotourism
Page 198 and 199:
C. Carvalho-Santos 2010. Fine-scale
Page 200 and 201:
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
I. Catalano et al. 2010. Wood macro
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
R.A. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Exten
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
R.A. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Asses
Page 218 and 219:
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
P.A.E. Diogo & J. Aranha 2010. GIS
Page 224 and 225:
P.A.E. Diogo & J. Aranha 2010. GIS
Page 226 and 227:
V. Etemad & N. Avani 2010. Investig
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
A.E. Eycott et al. 2010. The impact
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
E. Fernández-Núñez et al. 2010.
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
N. Fracassi & D. Somma 2010. Partic
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
J. Hartter et al. 2010. Fortresses
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
M.B. Horta et al. 2010. Landscape S
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
J.O. López-Martínez et al. 2010.
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
Sara Marques et al. 2010. Impact of
Page 270 and 271:
Page 272 and 273:
Page 274 and 275:
M.G.C. Martins & J. Aranha 2010. El
Page 276 and 277:
M.G.C. Martins & J. Aranha 2010. El
Page 278 and 279:
J.-F. Mas et al. 2010. Modeling lan
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
R.S. Moro & T.K. Pereira 2010. Eval
Page 286 and 287:
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
R.S. Moro & C.H Rocha 2010. A metho
Page 292 and 293:
Page 294 and 295:
Page 296 and 297:
V. Núñez et al. 2010. Landscape i
Page 298 and 299:
Page 300 and 301:
Page 302 and 303:
S.G. Plexida & A.I. Sfougaris 2010.
Page 304 and 305:
Page 306 and 307:
Page 308 and 309:
A. Poljanec & A. Boncina 2010. Chan
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
Page 314 and 315:
M. Redon & S. Luque 2010. Tengmalm
Page 316 and 317:
Page 318 and 319:
Page 320 and 321:
M.C.C. Rodrigues et al. 2010. Contr
Page 322 and 323:
M.C. Silva et al. 2010. Using Busin
Page 324 and 325: M.C. Silva et al. 2010. Using Busin
Page 326 and 327: M.C. Silva et al. 2010. Using Busin
Page 328 and 329: T.N. Terra & R.F dos Santos 2010. L
Page 334 and 335: E. Tetetla-Rangel et al. 2010. Rela
Page 340 and 341: M. Tsibulnikova 2010. Economic esti
Page 346 and 347: M. Akbarzadeh & E. Kouhgardi 2010.
Page 352 and 353: B. Baran-Zgłobicka & W. Zgłobicki
Page 354 and 355: B. Baran-Zgłobicka & W. Zgłobicki
Page 356 and 357: J. Beldade & T. Panagopoulos 2010.
Page 362 and 363: S.M. Carvalho & A.R. de Freitas 201
Page 368 and 369: R.A. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Quant
Page 376 and 377: I. Duarte & F.C. Rego 2010. Land us
Page 378 and 379: I. Duarte & F.C. Rego 2010. Land us
Page 380 and 381: J.S.V. Filho & M.L. Leite 2010. Sim
Page 386 and 387: F.J. Gómez et al. 2010. Land use c
Page 392 and 393: M.L. Leite & J.S.V. Filho2010. Anal
Page 394 and 395: M.L. Leite & J.S.V. Filho2010. Anal
Page 396 and 397: M.L.Leite & J.S.V. Filho 2010. Iden
Page 402 and 403: M. Ortega et al. 2010. Monitoring v
Page 408 and 409: G. Puddu et al. 2010. Landscape tra
Page 414 and 415: H.R. Ratsimba et al. 2010. Multi-sc
Page 420 and 421: M.C. Rodrigues et al. 2010. Charact
Page 422 and 423: M.C. Rodrigues et al. 2010. Charact
Page 424 and 425:
M.T.C. Rodrigues & V. Silva 2010. L
Page 426 and 427:
Page 428 and 429:
Page 430 and 431:
J. Schaefer-Santos & C. Lingnau 201
Page 432 and 433:
Page 434 and 435:
Page 436 and 437:
S.M. Scheffer & E. Schimanski 2010.
Page 438 and 439:
S.M. Scheffer & E. Schimanski 2010.
Page 440 and 441:
J. Superson et al. 2010. The defore
Page 442 and 443:
Page 444 and 445:
Page 446 and 447:
A.L. Teixido et al. 2010. Impacts o
Page 448 and 449:
Page 450 and 451:
Page 452 and 453:
H. Viana & J. Aranha 2010. Assessin
Page 454 and 455:
Page 456 and 457:
Page 458 and 459:
H. Viana & J. Aranha 2010. Mapping
Page 460 and 461:
Page 462 and 463:
Page 464 and 465:
Section 6 Tools of landscape assess
Page 466 and 467:
N. Avani et al. 2010. Investigation
Page 468 and 469:
Page 470 and 471:
Page 472 and 473:
J.C. Azevedo et al. 2010. Spatial d
Page 474 and 475:
Page 476 and 477:
Page 478 and 479:
T. Batista et al. 2010. The third d
Page 480 and 481:
Page 482 and 483:
Page 484 and 485:
V. Caboun 2010. New classification
Page 486 and 487:
Page 488 and 489:
Page 490 and 491:
A.M. Carvalho et al. 2010. Connecti
Page 492 and 493:
Page 494 and 495:
Page 496 and 497:
M. Deconchat et al. 2010. Identific
Page 498 and 499:
Page 500 and 501:
Page 502 and 503:
J. Gaspar et al. 2010. Visibility a
Page 504 and 505:
J. Gaspar et al. 2010. Visibility a
Page 506 and 507:
A.M. Geraldes 2010. Landscape runof
Page 508 and 509:
Page 510 and 511:
Page 512 and 513:
A.M. Geraldes & M.J. Boavida 2010.
Page 514 and 515:
Page 516 and 517:
Page 518 and 519:
K. Koschke et al. 2010. Using a mul
Page 520 and 521:
Page 522 and 523:
Page 524 and 525:
J.-F. Mas et al. 2010. Assessing
Page 526 and 527:
Page 528 and 529:
Page 530 and 531:
A. Matos et al. 2010. Economic valu
Page 532 and 533:
Page 534 and 535:
Page 536 and 537:
A. Migliozzi et al. 2010. Land-use
Page 538 and 539:
Page 540 and 541:
Page 542 and 543:
M.L Porto et al. 2010. Naturalness
Page 544 and 545:
M.L Porto et al. 2010. Naturalness
Page 546 and 547:
M. Rehor & V. Ondracek 2010. Applic
Page 548 and 549:
Page 550 and 551:
Page 552 and 553:
J. Russell et al. 2010. Developing
Page 554 and 555:
Page 556 and 557:
Page 558 and 559:
Section 7 Management and sustainabi
Page 560 and 561:
P. Angelstam & M. Elbakidze. 2010.
Page 562 and 563:
Page 564 and 565:
Page 566 and 567:
M. Castro et al. 2010. Relationship
Page 568 and 569:
Page 570 and 571:
Page 572 and 573:
M. Elbakidze et al. 2010. Does fore
Page 574 and 575:
Page 576 and 577:
Page 578 and 579:
F. Fonseca & T. de Figueiredo 2010.
Page 580 and 581:
Page 582 and 583:
Page 584 and 585:
A. Gil-Tena et al. 2010. Disentangl
Page 586 and 587:
Page 588 and 589:
Page 590 and 591:
M.B. Horta & E. Keizer 2010. Assess
Page 592 and 593:
Page 594 and 595:
Page 596 and 597:
E. Kouhgardi & M. Akbarzadeh 2010.
Page 598 and 599:
Page 600 and 601:
Page 602 and 603:
E. Kouhgardi et al. 2010. Values of
Page 604 and 605:
E. Kouhgardi et al. 2010. Values of
Page 606 and 607:
E. Schimanski 2010. The importance
Page 608 and 609:
Page 610 and 611:
Page 612 and 613:
L.A.M. da Silva & E. Shimanki 2010.
Page 614 and 615:
Page 616 and 617:
Page 618 and 619:
N. Stryamets et al. 2010. Role of n
Page 620 and 621:
Page 622 and 623:
Page 624 and 625:
E. Volkova 2010. The regional analy
Page 626 and 627:
Page 628 and 629:
Page 630 and 631:
I. Löfström et al. 2010. Biodiver
Page 632 and 633:
I. Löfström et al. 2010. Biodiver
Page 634 and 635:
A.C.R. de Oliveira & S.M. Carvalho
Page 636 and 637:
Page 638 and 639:
Page 640 and 641:
I. Silva et al. 2010. Lisbon’s pu
Page 642 and 643:
Page 644 and 645:
Page 646 and 647:
Section 9 Symposia
Page 648 and 649:
Z.L. Urech & J.P. Sorg 2010. Taking
Page 650 and 651:
Page 652 and 653:
Page 654 and 655:
Measures of landscape structure as
Page 656 and 657:
E.R. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Multi
Page 658 and 659:
Page 660 and 661:
Page 662 and 663:
J.L. Hernández-Stefanoni et al. 20
Page 664 and 665:
Page 666 and 667:
Page 668 and 669:
E. Uuemaa et al. 2010. Spatial grad
Page 670 and 671:
Page 672 and 673:
Page 674 and 675:
E. Penot 2010. Socio-economic diagn
Page 676 and 677:
Page 678 and 679:
Page 680 and 681:
Network theory to conserve and reco
Page 682 and 683:
S. Decout et al. 2010. Connectivity
Page 684 and 685:
Page 686 and 687:
Page 688 and 689:
S. Joost et al. 2010. GEOME. Toward
Page 690 and 691:
Page 692 and 693:
Page 694 and 695:
S.R. Freitas et al. 2010. The effec
Page 696 and 697:
Page 698 and 699:
Page 700 and 701:
B. Terrones et al. 2010. Detecting
Page 702 and 703:
Page 704 and 705:
Page 706 and 707:
M. Kolström et al. 2010. Is it pos
Page 708 and 709:
Page 710 and 711:
Page 712 and 713:
S. M. Carvalho-Ribeiro & T. Pinto-C
Page 714 and 715:
Page 716 and 717:
Page 718 and 719:
J.P. Nunes et al. 2010. Impacts of
Page 720 and 721:
Page 722 and 723:
Page 724 and 725:
Management and conservation of Medi
Page 726 and 727:
P.M. Fernandes et al. 2010. Testing
Page 728 and 729:
Page 730 and 731:
Page 732 and 733:
E. Andrieu et al. 2010. When forest
Page 734 and 735:
Page 736 and 737:
Page 738 and 739:
D. Geni et al. 2010. A framework fo
Page 740 and 741:
Page 742 and 743:
Page 744 and 745:
A. Ouin et al. 2010. Do wooded elem
Page 746 and 747:
Page 748 and 749:
Page 750 and 751:
C. Estreguil & G. Caudullo 2010. Ha
Page 752 and 753:
Page 754 and 755:
Page 756 and 757:
J.M. Rey Benayas 2010. Restoration
Page 758 and 759:
Page 760 and 761:
Page 762:
IUFRO Unit 8.01.02 Landscape Ecolog
show all

Landscapes Forest and Global Change - ESA - Escola Superior ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?