Landscapes Forest and Global Change - ESA - Escola Superior ...

S.M. Carvalho & A.R. de Freitas 2010. The impact of legislation on the dynamics of land use the River Basin Cará-Cará
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industries located in the vicinity.
The urbanized area, was the class with the biggest increase during the study period (121.83%)
and is located in the northwest portion of the Cará-Cará basin. These areas were employed due
the implementation of subdivisions and areas intended for urban expansion planned in the city
plan.
The cultivation class, represents areas occupied by temporary and perennial crops, mainly
soybean planting, followed by corn and wheat. These areas are located mainly in central and
have advanced to the northeast of the basin, using areas that were once occupied by the field and
forests. For the period studied there was an increase of 13.98% in total area.
The areas occupied by native vegetation, represented by the forest and grassland were the most
had a reduction in area, and the forest showed a decrease of 24.51% for the period analyzed, due
to the expansion of urban activities, industry and farming . The forest areas are distributed on
the banks of some rivers, especially in the southern portion near the mouth of the Cará-Cará
River and north in the area belonging to the 13th BIB, where there was the recomposition of
forest and the area is used in training the army. The campestral class was affected by the
occupation of other activities, decreasing by 19.28% the area occupied between 1980 and 2007.
The reforestation class, representing the areas reforested with eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp) and
pine (Pinus spp), was unstable between the years 1980 and 2007. This occurred because in the
80, industrial output surpasses agriculture, and this transition the so-called traditional industries
(textiles, wood, food, furniture, etc..) lose relative importance in the economy of the state of
Parana. The wood and textile sectors were the most reduced their participation in the GDP of
the state (Migliorini, 2006).
As can be observed during the study period, the class with the biggest increase was the
urbanized area (121.83%) due to population increases and, consequently, the expansion of the
town of Ponta Grossa, in the east of the Cará-Cará Hydrographic Basin. The increased area
occupied by urban activities took place, not only by increasing the population of the city, but
also by urban voids used for speculation.
In relation to environmental conflicts, over-used areas characterized by the illegal occupation in
areas that should be protected or not built that were more varied. Between the years 1980 and
2001 the variation was 7.99% this is due to the establishment of areas of Funds Master Plan for
the Vale of Ponta Grossa that were being occupied by urban and agricultural activities.
Areas of environmental conflict deemed over-use continues to increase, so even if incipient, on
permanent preservation areas and not building land in the central portion of the basin.
The other conflicting class is regarded as underutilized, where the areas that should be being
used by certain activities have not yet been occupied. In the period studied the class that this
was more varied and increased (76.44%) due to changes in local laws, especially in residential
zoning and industrial and extinction of Special Landscape Areas.
The maps of environmental conflicts assist in identifying areas where there is greater human
interference in Cará-Cará Hydrographic Basin, making it more natural and less artificial. To
facilitate the analysis of the anthropogenic impact were prepared letters of hemerobia.
The ahemerobe class corresponds to remnants of Araucaria forests in different successional
stages. Ahemerobe areas are occupied by urban activities, industry and culture, representing a
decrease of 24.51% of the basin area, being more significant in the northern (13 º BIB) and on
the banks of rivers in the south.
The oligohemerobe class, represented by dirty fields used for grazing cattle, also showed
decreased area occupied (19.28%) due to the advancement of industrial, urban and agricultural
lands.
Unlike previous classes, the classes mesohemeorbe and euhemerobe had expanded between
1980 and 2007. The mesohemerobe class is characterized largely by corn, wheat and soybeans
at EMBRAPA and reforestation of pine (Pinus spp) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp) in IAPAR.
It may be noted that this class has expanded only 3.17%.
Forest Landscapes and Global Change-New Frontiers in Management, Conservation and Restoration. Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology
Working Group International Conference, September 21-27, 2010, Bragança, Portugal. J.C. Azevedo, M. Feliciano, J. Castro & M.A. Pinto (eds.)
2010, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.