Landscapes Forest and Global Change - ESA - Escola Superior ...

S.M. Carvalho & A.R. de Freitas 2010. The impact of legislation on the dynamics of land use the River Basin Cará-Cará
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activities are practiced in inappropriate areas, and these activities are most responsible for the
erosion, siltation of rivers, floods and droughts.
The effects of the use and occupation of areas protected by law may cause the deterioration of
the environment, emerging, so-called environmental conflicts in land use (FERNANDES NETO
& ROBAIANA, 2005).
To study the effects caused by human action on the various biological systems, according to
Dueñas (2004), it is necessary to develop a systematic method, comparative and qualitative,
which permits the effect of human disturbance on the different elements of ecosystems.
Arise, thus concepts that serve as the basis for monitoring the developments and changes in land
use caused. The concept of hemeroby is one. This term was suggested by Jalas (1953) which
determines the degree of alteration of landscapes, in other words, the degree of naturalness and
artificiality of the medium, considering the following classification: Ahemerobe - natural
landscapes or small human interference, such as rainforest and gallery forest; Oligohemerobe -
landscapes more natural than artificial, like dirty fields used for livestock; Mesohemerobe -
landscapes more artificial than natural, such as reforestation, and Euhemerobe - artificial
landscapes, such as cultivated areas and urban area.
The anthropogenic impact can be evaluated through studies that show where are the areas most
degraded and modified, primarily through the analysis and temporal-spatial representation of
land use.
Studies of this nature are part of environmental planning because they provide information
needed to develop strategies and actions to mitigate the impacts caused by human interference.
It is a study that could help in the delimitation of areas to be occupied or eventually recovered.
Therefore, the general aim of this study is to analyze the impact of the legislation in force in the
dynamics of occupation of land use in the period 1980 to 2007. Thus, it was necessary to draw
up maps of land use, raise the relevant legislation for the period studied and elaborate maps of
environmental conflicts in land use.
2. Methodology
The input, storage, processing and output data was performed using the software SPRING,
version 4.3.3, developed by the National Institute for Space Research/Division of Image
Processing (INPE / DPI, 1999).
Based on the topographical maps, in digital media, prepared by the Directorate of Geographic
Services (DSG) Army (1980), scale 1:50,000, sheet SG.22-XC-II/2 (Ponta Grossa), data were
taken drainage, contour, perimeter of the basin, roads and highways.
After scanning the drainage network buffers were created to set the Permanent Preservation
Areas (PPAs) along the rivers and springs, as provided by the Forestry Code (BRASIL, 1965).
For the preparation of maps of land use was used aerial photography from 1980 (Institute of
Land and Cartography of Parana - ITC) in the scale of 1:25,000, and the image CBERS2, March
2007. The composition of bands adopted in the present work was the R (3) G (4) B (2). The
method adopted for the classification of the images was the Supervised Classification by
algorithm MaxVer.
Subclasses themes of land use were adapted from the Technical Manual of Land Use from the
Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - IBGE (IBGE, 2006). Subclasses were defined
as follows: urbanized area, cultivation (including temporary and permanent crops), forest,
grassland and water body. In addition to the subclasses suggested was adopted by the IBGE
class industrial area and reforestation.
After completion of all maps was used superposition method (Santos, 2004) with the binary
crossing until reach the intermediate maps that were in turn overlapped.
To identify the degree of naturalness/artificiality in the Cará-Cará basin used the scenarios
focusing on land use from 1980 to 2007.
Forest Landscapes and Global Change-New Frontiers in Management, Conservation and Restoration. Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology
Working Group International Conference, September 21-27, 2010, Bragança, Portugal. J.C. Azevedo, M. Feliciano, J. Castro & M.A. Pinto (eds.)
2010, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.