Landscapes Forest and Global Change - ESA - Escola Superior ...

T.N. Terra & R.F dos Santos 2010. Legal efficiency and cumulative effects in environmentally protected area
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to political and government actions. In these studies, the spatial measures were made by
applying the rates of change and to better understand them, the historical information of the
region were associated with the own perception of the community about the facts.
The implementation of Conservation Areas (CA) in Brazil occurs on regions already
occupied with a history of impacts, traces left by human action. When a CA is established, it is
expected that its impacts are at least reduced through management actions, hoping that the
reversibility of the process occurs toward conservation. Therefore, decisions must be taken
according to the impacts observed over a temporal sequence of human action. Should be
considered, for example, that an Ecological Station cannot have human occupation, according to
SNUC (National System of Conservation Units), however it is inevitable that the area bring the
impacts that have been made by human occupation in the past and it reflect in the present
observed. In addition, each CA has its own characteristics, with specific objectives to achieve a
degree of conservation. So, the actions of management will be different between an Ecological
Station and a Sustainable Development Reserve. But there is another side to consider - the
efficiency of the legal action after decree. In summary, landscapes are complexes and involve a
system of multiple overlapping of land use and legal decisions. Therefore, the objective of this
study was interpret the effect chains for two decades to estimate accumulation of these impacts
in the past and present and relate the results against environmental laws in force in that period.
2. Method
The study area is located at the southern of Sao Paulo state, and covers parts of three
distinct adjacent regions: the oldest Sustainable Development Reserve of Despraiado (SDRD),
the Juréia-Itatins State Ecological Station (JISES) and buffer zone (BZ) adjacent to these two
conservation areas (Figure 1). These three regions have an area of about 100ha each one.
The impacts were inferred by the analysis of overlapping land use from the scenarios of
past. The overlapping was made by the tool spatial statistics available in the software Arc Gis
9.2.
The scenarios were constructed from the photointerpretation of 11 types of land use,
namely: agriculture; grazing fields; fields like lawns/gardens and grounds around the building
originating fields; fields of infrastructure; construction; water tanks; Tropical Rainforest
Secondary Initial; Tropical Rainforest Secondary Medium; Tropical Rainforest in areas with
bananas; crop rotation/abandoned areas; access roads. The scenarios were constructed for 1980
and the 2007. The aerial photograph of 1980 was acquired in digital format arising directly from
the roll of photographic film, scanned in photogrammetric scanner Vexcel Ultrascan 5000, with
1200 dpi resolution. For the scenario of 2007 was used a satellite image of World View with
spatial resolution of 0.5 PAN (provided by the Foundation Forest-Brazil).
Forest Landscapes and Global Change-New Frontiers in Management, Conservation and Restoration. Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology
Working Group International Conference, September 21-27, 2010, Bragança, Portugal. J.C. Azevedo, M. Feliciano, J. Castro & M.A. Pinto (eds.)
2010, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.