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M.C. Silva et al. 2010. Using Business and Biodiversity to put Conservation into practice 310 populations in the Caridade stream (the main watercourse, which also floods the dam). This problem can partially be solved in time as the european otter (Lutra lutra) and some waterfowl are increasingly feeding on the crayfish. The ecological flow regime recognizes that flow magnitude, duration, frequency, timing, and predictability must be incorporated into any flow management strategy (Suen, 2005). So, changes in hydrologic trends, in concern to the continuing decline in the water levels in Caridade stream were solved through ecological flow management. Five RELAPE species were found in the areas surveyed (Ophrys tenthredinifera, Narcissus bulbocodium, Linaria spartea, Narcissus jonquilla and Genista polyanthos). Caridade vegetation is dominated by Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl galleries and woodlands (Ficario ranunculoidis – Fraxinetum angustifoliae). Beneath and next the mature canopy it also can be described a high scrubland community of Rubo ulmifolii – Nerietum oleandri. Aquatic vegetation is also present, with Chara sp., Ranunculus peltatus Schrank and Callitriche stagnalis Scop. communities. These aquatic communities are extremely important to amphibian population, as refuge areas. The dam area is the most important for aquatic birds, despite the poor presence of vegetation communities. There are some communities of Typha angustifolia L. and Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. in the South East of the dam (Typho angustifoliae – Phragmitetum australis), but all the remnant area hasn’t vegetation. So the main action is to increase patches of vegetation by rooting some adequate plants. Synthetic table of the Ficario ranunculoidis – Fraxinetum angustifoliae Rivas‐Martínez & Costa in Rivas‐Martínez, Costa, Castroviejo & E. Valdés 1980, at Caridade stream, with low inclination, N, 100 m². Characteristics: Fraxinus angustifolia 2, Crataegus monogyna 2, Ranunculus ficaria 1, Aristolochia paucinervis 1, Scilla peruviana +; Companions: Pyrus bourgeana 2, Nerium oleander 1, Asparagus acutifolius 1, Smyrnium olusatrum 1, Gynandriris sysrinchium 1, Dactylis hispanica 1, Geranium molle 1, Ornithogalum baeticum +, Narcissus bulbocodium +, Ophrys tenthredinifera +. Rosemary scrubland Scattered throughout the Esporão landscape, many patches with rosemary scrubland which have importance to pollinator ecosystems service can be found. These also provide stepping-stone corridors to many species of invertebrates, reptiles, amphibians and birds. The flowers of rosemary produce pollen and nectar to attract insect populations so the maintenance of scrub dominated vegetative complex within Lavandula stoechas L. is important. In order to effectively conserve these scrubland areas, management of HCVA must restore and maintain rosemary habitats. To achieve this, land managers must minimize grazing intensity. Further work will include the measure of pollination services, so it is important to assess the rosemary scrubland habitat to measure its ecosytemic value. Also, the maintained of these habitats in Esporão landscape tend to safeguard and enhance pollination function in order to ensure effective pollination of wild plants (Potts, 2006), specially orchids species that are pollination limited, may also be enhanced by maintain rosermay patches in landscape. 4. Discussion The Esporão estate habitats and landscapes are quite diverse, with important high conservation value species despite some forest areas degradation. We have assessed that dynamic plant communities are present, which are intensively interconnected in ecotone regions defining different ecological corridors. Also, Biodiversity Action Plans (BAPs) are, to some extent, a valid tool for land owners / managers, by facilitating the identification and mapping of High Conservation Value Areas (HCVA) and important plant communities/assemblages that include rare, endemic, localized, threatened and/or endangered plant species, thus allowing the Forest Landscapes and Global Change-New Frontiers in Management, Conservation and Restoration. Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology Working Group International Conference, September 21-27, 2010, Bragança, Portugal. J.C. Azevedo, M. Feliciano, J. Castro & M.A. Pinto (eds.) 2010, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
M.C. Silva et al. 2010. Using Business and Biodiversity to put Conservation into practice 311 definition of specific management actions for each conservation area/value identified. Since 2008 the following issues are ongoing: ecological evaluation of the vineyards natural enemies and ecological infrastructures; halting all predator control programs; reformulation of the forestry management plan; reduction of the area of pine plantations and implementation of biodiverse forest patches. In respect to agricultural landscape, olive and vineyards they are being redesigned to achieve the following goals: optimize productivity, facilitate management and operations, prevent soil erosion and reduce the use of pesticides. The use of plants and plant communities as indicators for land planning to describe and evaluate Esporão Estate has proven useful since it for HCVA protection. As well as the use of phytosociology can be used to describe the landscape units, it also is important in what takes concern to ecological restoration. If habitats can be maintained then also species conservation is facilitated. The most represented phytosociological classes are: the Holm oak woodlands Pyro bourgaeanae-Quercetum rotundifoliae and at streamside woodland communities of Ficario ranunculoidis – Fraxinetum angustifoliae. Future research will focus on the validation of management effectiveness and on community dynamics. References Braun-Blanquet, J., 1979. Fitossociologia – Bases para el estudio de las comunidades vegetales. H. Blume ediciones. Madrid. Castroviejo, S. et. al., 1986-1997. Flora Iberica. Madrid. Real Jardín Bot. Madrid:1,2,3,4,5,6,8. Costa, J.C.; Aguiar, C.; Capelo, J.H.; Lousã, M. & Neto, C., 1998. Biogeografia de Portugal Continental. Quercetea, 0. Coutinho, A.X.; 1939. Flora de Portugal. Bertrand. Lisboa. Franco, J.A., 1971-1984. Nova Flora de Portugal (Continente e Açores). Escolar Editora, Lisboa.Vol. I e II. Franco, J.A. and Rocha Afonso, M.L., 1994-1998-2003. Nova Flora de Portugal (Continente e Açores). Escolar Editora, Lisboa. Vol. III, fasc. 1,2,3. Géhu, J.M. and Rivas-Martínez, S., 1981. Notions fondamentales de Phytosociologie in Syntaxonomie. J. Cramer. Vaduz. Lengyel, S., Kobler, A., Kutnar, L., Framstad, E., Henry, P., Babij, V., Gruber, B., Schmeller, D. & Henle, K., 2008. A review and a framework for the integration of biodiversity monitoring at the habitat level. Biodiversity Conservation, 17: 3341-3356. Loidi, J., 1994. Phytosociology applied to nature conservation and land management. 35th Symposium IAVS. East China Normal Univ. Press, 17-30. Pereira, M. & Costa, J.C., 2004. Sintaxonomia das classes fitossociológicas em Portugal Continental. Universidade de Évora, Évora. Potts, S.; Petanidoub, T.; Roberts, S.; Toolec, C.; Hulbertd, A. & Willmerd, P., 2006. Plantpollinator biodiversity and pollination services in a complex Mediterranean landscape. Biological Conservation, 129: 519-529 Rivas-Martínez, S.; Fernandéz-González, F.; Loidi, J.; Lousã, M. & Penas, A., 2001. Syntaxonomical checklist of Vascular Plant Communities of Spain and Portugal to association level. Itinera Geobotanica 14. Rivas-Martínez, S.; Diaz, T.E.; Fernandéz-González, F.; Izco, J.; Loidi, J.; Lousã, M. & Penas, A., 2002 a, b. Syntaxonomical checklist (2001) of Vascular Plant Communities of Spain and Portugal to association level. Itinera Geobotanica 15 (1) (2). Suen, J.; Eheart, J. & Herricks, E., 2005. Integrating Ecological Flow Regimes in Water Resources Management Using Multiobjective Analysis. Proceedings of World Water and Environmental Resources Congress. Forest Landscapes and Global Change-New Frontiers in Management, Conservation and Restoration. Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology Working Group International Conference, September 21-27, 2010, Bragança, Portugal. J.C. Azevedo, M. Feliciano, J. Castro & M.A. Pinto (eds.) 2010, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
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Landscapes Forest and Global Change
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The contributions to this volume ha
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Table of contents Foreword Preface
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Fine-scale mapping of High Nature V
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Characterization of a Maculinea alc
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Urban tree inventory and socio-econ
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xiii Foreword Twenty years ago, Dr.
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Section 1 Scaling in landscape anal
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V. Cortes et al. 2010. Environmenta
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D. S. de Ron et al. 2010. Habitat s
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B. Bożętka 2010. Recent relations
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S.F. Chen et al. 2010. A physiotope
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V.D. de Campos & S M. Carvalho 2010
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N.S. Evseeva & Z.N. Kvasnikova 2010
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N.S. Evseeva & Z.N. Kvasnikova 2010
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S. Frank et al. 2010. A regionally
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M. García et al. 2010. The effect
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M. García et al. 2010. The effect
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S. Gholami et al. 2010. Spatial pat
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P. González-Moreno et al. 2010. Th
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T. Höbinger et al. 2010. Impact of
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P. Matos et al. 2010. Can lichen fu
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E.S. Meier et al. 2010. Projections
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E.S. Meier et al. 2010. Projections
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H. Moutahir et al. 2010. Applicatio
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H. Moutahir et al. 2010. Applicatio
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C. Palaghianu 2010. The use of Voro
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F. Peña-Cortés et al. 2010. Spati
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F.M. Rabenilalana et al. 2010. Mult
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A. Ruskule et al. 2010. Patterns of
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E. Sayad 2010. Nitrogen retrancloca
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E. Sayad 2010. Nitrogen retrancloca
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G. Zhelezov 2010. Evaluation of the
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Section 3 Disturbances in changing
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A. Altamirano et al. 2010. Human-ca
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A. Altamirano et al. 2010. Human-ca
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T. Curt & J. Pausas 2010. Are chang
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R.A Fleming et al. 2010. Forest man
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R.A Fleming et al. 2010. Forest man
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P.C. Goebel et al. 2010. How import
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L.R. Iverson et al. 2010. Merger of
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T.-C. Lin et al. 2010. Immediate ef
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K. L. Martin & P.C. Goebel 2010. Im
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G.M. Pastur et al. 2010. Indirect e
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E.W Saragih et al. 2010. Effects of
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L.R.P. Williamson et al. 2010. Anth
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N. Zurbriggen et al. 2010. Modeling
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Section 4 Biodiversity conservation
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Akbarzadeh et al. 2010. Ecotourism
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Akbarzadeh et al. 2010. Ecotourism
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C. Carvalho-Santos 2010. Fine-scale
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I. Catalano et al. 2010. Wood macro
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R.A. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Exten
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R.A. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Asses
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P.A.E. Diogo & J. Aranha 2010. GIS
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P.A.E. Diogo & J. Aranha 2010. GIS
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V. Etemad & N. Avani 2010. Investig
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A.E. Eycott et al. 2010. The impact
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E. Fernández-Núñez et al. 2010.
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N. Fracassi & D. Somma 2010. Partic
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J. Hartter et al. 2010. Fortresses
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M.B. Horta et al. 2010. Landscape S
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J.O. López-Martínez et al. 2010.
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Sara Marques et al. 2010. Impact of
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M.G.C. Martins & J. Aranha 2010. El
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I. Duarte & F.C. Rego 2010. Land us
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I. Duarte & F.C. Rego 2010. Land us
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J.S.V. Filho & M.L. Leite 2010. Sim
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F.J. Gómez et al. 2010. Land use c
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M.L. Leite & J.S.V. Filho2010. Anal
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M.L.Leite & J.S.V. Filho 2010. Iden
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M. Ortega et al. 2010. Monitoring v
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G. Puddu et al. 2010. Landscape tra
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H.R. Ratsimba et al. 2010. Multi-sc
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M.C. Rodrigues et al. 2010. Charact
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M.T.C. Rodrigues & V. Silva 2010. L
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S.M. Scheffer & E. Schimanski 2010.
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J. Superson et al. 2010. The defore
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Section 6 Tools of landscape assess
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N. Avani et al. 2010. Investigation
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M. Deconchat et al. 2010. Identific
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J. Gaspar et al. 2010. Visibility a
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A. Migliozzi et al. 2010. Land-use
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M.L Porto et al. 2010. Naturalness
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M.L Porto et al. 2010. Naturalness
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M. Rehor & V. Ondracek 2010. Applic
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J. Russell et al. 2010. Developing
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P. Angelstam & M. Elbakidze. 2010.
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M. Castro et al. 2010. Relationship
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L.A.M. da Silva & E. Shimanki 2010.
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Section 9 Symposia
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Z.L. Urech & J.P. Sorg 2010. Taking
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Measures of landscape structure as
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Network theory to conserve and reco
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Management and conservation of Medi
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IUFRO Unit 8.01.02 Landscape Ecolog
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