Landscapes Forest and Global Change - ESA - Escola Superior ...

M.C. Silva et al. 2010. Using Business and Biodiversity to put Conservation into practice
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the Esporão Vineyards and Olive groves is one of the main goals to achieve biodiversity in this
landscape unit, through ecological restoration of the set-asides areas and by installing meadow
and grassland patches. In order to reduce tillage, we also propose the use of grazers, in this case
sheep, to control the weeds.
Table 2: Types of land use in Esporão Estate
Land use class
Total Area (ha)
Council Directive 92/43/CEE habitat code
Vineyards
450 N/A
Olive groves
95 N/A
Holm oak Montado (Parklands)
750 6310 – Montados with evergreen Quercus spp.
Holm oak Woodlands 28
9340 – Quercus ilex and Quercus rotundifolia
forests
Stone Pine plantations
128 N/A
Stone Pine plantations with sparse
Holm oak
87 N/A
Orchid meadows 2.68
6210 – Semi-naturaldry grasslands and scrubland
facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco-
Brometalia) (* important orchid sites)
Grasslands
83 N/A
8230 – Siliceous rock with pioneer vegetation of
the Sedo-Scleranthion or of the Sedo albi-
Veronicion dillenii
3270 – Rivers with muddy banks with
Chenopodion rubri p.p. and Bidention p.p.
3150 – Natural eutrophic lakes with
Magnopotamion or Hydrocharition - type
vegetation
3140 – Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic
vegetation of Chara spp.
92D0 – Southern riparian galleries and thickets
(Nerio-Tamaricetea and Securinegion tinctoriae)
91B0 – Thermophilous Fraxinus angustifolia
woods
Streamside woodlands and grasslands 189
3260 – Water courses of plain to montane levels
with the Ranunculion fluitantis and Callitricho-
Batrachion vegetation
Rosemary scrubland
0.16 N/A
Gardens
5 N/A
Social areas
145 N/A
Holm Oak Montado (Parklands) and Holm Oak Woodlands
The Holm Oak Montado, a parkland like system, represents the largest landscape unit of
Esporão estate. It consists in similar distinct types of land use which promote annuals and
perennials grasslands and scrublands. In these areas grazing was redefined in order to preserve
sensitive areas like closed woods and wetlands. Some of these areas were converted through
stone pine afflorestation as a result of an inadequate policy actually promoted by the Portuguese
governments. In historical times, an edapho-climatic climax forest must have existed in Esporão
estate, but almost all these climax habitats have disappeared due to convertion, mismanagement
and fires. Although all the human pressure, a few habitat patches remain defined by Pyro
Forest Landscapes and Global Change-New Frontiers in Management, Conservation and Restoration. Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology
Working Group International Conference, September 21-27, 2010, Bragança, Portugal. J.C. Azevedo, M. Feliciano, J. Castro & M.A. Pinto (eds.)
2010, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.