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M.C.C. Rodrigues et al. 2010. Contribution to the characterization of Gentiana pneumonanthe L. and Maculinea alcon L. 304 In studies developed in central Europe by Schlick-Steiner et al., 2004, the author concluded that Maculinea rebellion, produces or secretes a complex substance whose composition is based on carbohydrates, which attracts the ants of the genus Myrmica. These ants, when found the larvae, in their third instar, in soil, take and lead them to the ants’ nest and feed them over the winter until the pupal stage and chrysalis. Over this instar, there is no segregation of that substance and Maculinea rebellion butterfly must leave ants’ nest and fly out. This secretion, has similar characteristics to the ants odoriferous, which allows the larvae to be treated as pairs, inside the ants’ nest and is thus safeguarded from serving food to the colony. In that case, the substance studied, shows a capacity citron multiple of mimicry to the odorous of the Myrmica species of the region (M. sabuleti and M. schenck), presenting himself as a chemical strategy to guarantee that at least one of those species, take responsibility for their introduction. The aim of this work is to create a GIS to Parque Natural do Alvão, for mapping the current geographical distribution of Gentiana pneumonanthe L.and for mapping the location of Maculinea alcon meta-populations, as well traces of their presence (e.g. eggs on flowers) 2. Methodology In October 2008 and March 2009, research team performed an intensive field work for data collection and survey, in order to updating GIS with the distribution of Gentiana pneumonanthe L., the location of nests of Myrmica alobar, the location of Maculinea alcon eggs on flowers and the capture of butterflies. This field work was supported by a GIS (Geographical Information System) installed on a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) with DGPS (Differential Global Positioning System). 3. Result Gentiana pneumonanthe grows well in shrub land, with good exposure to sunlight, gentle slopes and proximity of running water. In the fringe of agricultural land, close to irrigation channels, which minimises the effects of frost in the winter, it was also noticed its presence. In almost all the observation, it was notice the presence of Quercus robur and Quercus pyrenaica trees in the surrounding area. Many mapped Gentiana pneumonanthe plants evidenced Maculinea alcon eggs presence or eaten flowers. It was also noticed that Gentiana pneumonanthe grows well in abandoned agricultural land, but the development of high shrubs (Genista sp., Erica sp.) make difficult the flowers’ access by Maculinea alcon, which was evidenced by the eggs’ absence. 4. Discussion Results from field work and GIS data management and processing enable to state that Maculinea alcon ecology is characterised by shrub land, with good exposure to sunlight, gentle slopes and proximity of running water, with Quercus robur and Quercus pyrenaica trees in the surrounding area. Due to Maculinea alcon butterfly dimension and flying characteristics, high shrubs make difficult to access flowers and, this way, eggs’ deposition on flowers. References Árnyas, E., Bereczki, J., Tóth, A., Varga, Z., 2005. Results of the mark-release-recapture studies of a Maculinea rebeli population in the Aggtelek karst (N Hungary) between 2002- Forest Landscapes and Global Change-New Frontiers in Management, Conservation and Restoration. Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology Working Group International Conference, September 21-27, 2010, Bragança, Portugal. J.C. Azevedo, M. Feliciano, J. Castro & M.A. Pinto (eds.) 2010, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
M.C.C. Rodrigues et al. 2010. Contribution to the characterization of Gentiana pneumonanthe L. and Maculinea alcon L. 305 2004. In: Studies on the Ecology and Conservation of Butterflies in Europe. Vol2: Species ecology along a European gradient: buterflies as a model. Edited by J. Settele, E. Kuhn ans J. Thomas: 111-114. Birgit C. Schlick-Steiner; Florian M. Steiner; Helmut Höttinger; Alexej Nikirov; Robert Mistrik; Christa Schafellner; Peter Baier; Erhard Christian. 2004. A butterfly’s chemical key to various ant forts: intersection-odour or aggregate-odour multihost mimicry In: Naturwissenshchaften. Irma Wynhoff, 1998: At home on foreign meadows. The reintroduction of two Maculinea butterfly species. 236 pags. Wageningen University, Bornsesteeg 69, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands. (ISBN 90-5008-406-2). J. A. Thomas and G. W. Elmes. Food-plant niche selection rather than the presence of ant nests explains ovipotion patterns in the myrmecophilous butterfly genus Maculinea. 2001. In: The Royal Society. J. Gerard B. Oostermeijer, Sheila H. Luijtem, Zdenka V. Křenová, And Hans C. M. Den Njis. 1998. Relationships between Population and Habitat Characteristics and Reproduction of the Rare Gentiana pneumonanthe L. Conservation Biology. Pags 1042 – 1053 Volume 12, Nº 5, October Munguira, M.L. and Martin, J., 1999. Action Plan for Maculinea Butterflies in Europe. In: Council of Europe Publishing, editor. Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern Convention), Nature and Environment, 97, Strasburg. Piotr Nowcki, Aleksandra Pepkowska, Joanna Kudlek, Piotr Skórka, Magdalena Witek, Josef Settele, Michal Woyciechowski. 2007. From metapopulation theory to conservation recommendations: Lessons from Spatial occurrence and abundance patterns of Maculinea butterflies. Biological Conservation. 140. Pags. 119-129. Piotr Nowicki, Magdalena Witek, Piotr Skórka, Michal Woyciechowski. 2005. Oviposition patterns in the myrmecophilous butterfly Maculinea alcon Dennis & Schiffermüller (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in relation to characteristics of foodplants and presence of ant hosts. In: Polish Journal of Ecology. Thomas, J.A., 1995. The ecology and conservation of Maculinea arion and other European species of large blue butterfly. In: A.S. Pullin, editor. Ecology and Conservation of Butterflies. London: Chapman & Hall. p. 180-197. Van Swaay, C.A.M. and Warren, M.S., 1999. Red Data Book of European Butterflies (Rhophalocera). Nature and Environment 99. Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg Wynhoff, I. 1998. The recent distribution of the European Maculinea species. J. Insect Conservation, 2: 15-27. Acknowledgement Authors woul like to expresse is acknowledge to Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), project REEQ/1163/AGR/2005 and CITAB - UTAD who support this work. Forest Landscapes and Global Change-New Frontiers in Management, Conservation and Restoration. Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology Working Group International Conference, September 21-27, 2010, Bragança, Portugal. J.C. Azevedo, M. Feliciano, J. Castro & M.A. Pinto (eds.) 2010, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
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Landscapes Forest and Global Change
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The contributions to this volume ha
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Table of contents Foreword Preface
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Fine-scale mapping of High Nature V
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Characterization of a Maculinea alc
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Urban tree inventory and socio-econ
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xiii Foreword Twenty years ago, Dr.
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Section 1 Scaling in landscape anal
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V. Cortes et al. 2010. Environmenta
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D. S. de Ron et al. 2010. Habitat s
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B. Bożętka 2010. Recent relations
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S.F. Chen et al. 2010. A physiotope
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V.D. de Campos & S M. Carvalho 2010
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N.S. Evseeva & Z.N. Kvasnikova 2010
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N.S. Evseeva & Z.N. Kvasnikova 2010
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S. Frank et al. 2010. A regionally
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M. García et al. 2010. The effect
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M. García et al. 2010. The effect
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S. Gholami et al. 2010. Spatial pat
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P. González-Moreno et al. 2010. Th
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T. Höbinger et al. 2010. Impact of
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P. Matos et al. 2010. Can lichen fu
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E.S. Meier et al. 2010. Projections
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E.S. Meier et al. 2010. Projections
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H. Moutahir et al. 2010. Applicatio
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H. Moutahir et al. 2010. Applicatio
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C. Palaghianu 2010. The use of Voro
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F. Peña-Cortés et al. 2010. Spati
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F.M. Rabenilalana et al. 2010. Mult
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A. Ruskule et al. 2010. Patterns of
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E. Sayad 2010. Nitrogen retrancloca
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E. Sayad 2010. Nitrogen retrancloca
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G. Zhelezov 2010. Evaluation of the
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Section 3 Disturbances in changing
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A. Altamirano et al. 2010. Human-ca
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A. Altamirano et al. 2010. Human-ca
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T. Curt & J. Pausas 2010. Are chang
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R.A Fleming et al. 2010. Forest man
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R.A Fleming et al. 2010. Forest man
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P.C. Goebel et al. 2010. How import
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L.R. Iverson et al. 2010. Merger of
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T.-C. Lin et al. 2010. Immediate ef
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K. L. Martin & P.C. Goebel 2010. Im
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G.M. Pastur et al. 2010. Indirect e
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E.W Saragih et al. 2010. Effects of
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L.R.P. Williamson et al. 2010. Anth
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N. Zurbriggen et al. 2010. Modeling
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Section 4 Biodiversity conservation
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Akbarzadeh et al. 2010. Ecotourism
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Akbarzadeh et al. 2010. Ecotourism
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C. Carvalho-Santos 2010. Fine-scale
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I. Catalano et al. 2010. Wood macro
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R.A. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Exten
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R.A. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Asses
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P.A.E. Diogo & J. Aranha 2010. GIS
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P.A.E. Diogo & J. Aranha 2010. GIS
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V. Etemad & N. Avani 2010. Investig
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A.E. Eycott et al. 2010. The impact
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E. Fernández-Núñez et al. 2010.
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N. Fracassi & D. Somma 2010. Partic
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J. Hartter et al. 2010. Fortresses
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M.B. Horta et al. 2010. Landscape S
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J.O. López-Martínez et al. 2010.
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Sara Marques et al. 2010. Impact of
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R.A. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Quant
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R.A. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Quant
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I. Duarte & F.C. Rego 2010. Land us
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J.S.V. Filho & M.L. Leite 2010. Sim
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F.J. Gómez et al. 2010. Land use c
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M.L. Leite & J.S.V. Filho2010. Anal
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M.L. Leite & J.S.V. Filho2010. Anal
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M.L.Leite & J.S.V. Filho 2010. Iden
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M. Ortega et al. 2010. Monitoring v
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G. Puddu et al. 2010. Landscape tra
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H.R. Ratsimba et al. 2010. Multi-sc
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M.C. Rodrigues et al. 2010. Charact
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M.C. Rodrigues et al. 2010. Charact
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M.T.C. Rodrigues & V. Silva 2010. L
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J. Schaefer-Santos & C. Lingnau 201
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S.M. Scheffer & E. Schimanski 2010.
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S.M. Scheffer & E. Schimanski 2010.
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J. Superson et al. 2010. The defore
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A.L. Teixido et al. 2010. Impacts o
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H. Viana & J. Aranha 2010. Assessin
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H. Viana & J. Aranha 2010. Mapping
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Section 6 Tools of landscape assess
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N. Avani et al. 2010. Investigation
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J.C. Azevedo et al. 2010. Spatial d
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T. Batista et al. 2010. The third d
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V. Caboun 2010. New classification
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A.M. Carvalho et al. 2010. Connecti
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M. Deconchat et al. 2010. Identific
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J. Gaspar et al. 2010. Visibility a
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A.M. Geraldes 2010. Landscape runof
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K. Koschke et al. 2010. Using a mul
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J.-F. Mas et al. 2010. Assessing
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A. Migliozzi et al. 2010. Land-use
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M.L Porto et al. 2010. Naturalness
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M.L Porto et al. 2010. Naturalness
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M. Rehor & V. Ondracek 2010. Applic
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J. Russell et al. 2010. Developing
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Section 7 Management and sustainabi
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P. Angelstam & M. Elbakidze. 2010.
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M. Castro et al. 2010. Relationship
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M. Elbakidze et al. 2010. Does fore
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F. Fonseca & T. de Figueiredo 2010.
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M.B. Horta & E. Keizer 2010. Assess
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E. Kouhgardi & M. Akbarzadeh 2010.
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E. Kouhgardi et al. 2010. Values of
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E. Kouhgardi et al. 2010. Values of
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E. Schimanski 2010. The importance
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L.A.M. da Silva & E. Shimanki 2010.
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N. Stryamets et al. 2010. Role of n
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E. Volkova 2010. The regional analy
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I. Löfström et al. 2010. Biodiver
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I. Silva et al. 2010. Lisbon’s pu
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Section 9 Symposia
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Z.L. Urech & J.P. Sorg 2010. Taking
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Measures of landscape structure as
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E.R. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Multi
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E. Penot 2010. Socio-economic diagn
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Network theory to conserve and reco
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S. Decout et al. 2010. Connectivity
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S. Joost et al. 2010. GEOME. Toward
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B. Terrones et al. 2010. Detecting
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M. Kolström et al. 2010. Is it pos
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Management and conservation of Medi
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P.M. Fernandes et al. 2010. Testing
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E. Andrieu et al. 2010. When forest
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D. Geni et al. 2010. A framework fo
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J.M. Rey Benayas 2010. Restoration
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IUFRO Unit 8.01.02 Landscape Ecolog
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