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V. Núñez et al. 2010. Landscape integration of Mediterranean reforestations: identification of best practices in Madrid region 280 preferences; ii) synthesis of principles and criteria for landscape integration of Mediterranean reforestations; iii) Definition of detailed landscape criteria, both qualitative and quantitative, for reforestation design, species selection, soil preparation and protection of the reforestation area. 3. Results We identified the following list items that must be taken into account for new mediterranean reforestation design. Understanding these factors, the interactions between them, and how they are influenced by stand management is essential in order to provide guidance to reforestation design under visual and landscape ecology criteria. We applied this methodology to Madrid Region reforestations. Field visits were made throughout the forests and managers were interviewed. As a result we typified 30 best practices that may be of use for reforestation in the Mediterranean region. 3.1. Main relationships of forest landscape with biodiversity, connectivity and public preferences. 1. Forest landscape and biodiversity Mosaic structure Stand structure Deadwood and large trees Minimum dynamic area (Pickett and Thompson 1978) or independent forest size 2. Forest landscape and connectivity: Size of isolated patches Edges geometry and size Matrix and patches pattern 3. Forest landscape and public preferences Aesthetic preferences Time factor Spatial activities distribution 3.2. Synthesis of principles and criteria for landscape integration of reforestations in the Mediterranean region Principles 1. Multiscale approach to reforestation design 2. Try to match up aesthetic and ecological criteria 3. Take into account public preferences 4. Try to simulate nature when designing reforestation 5. Mask inevitable negative landscape impacts Criteria for external landscape: broad-scale approach 1. Avoid fragmentation and improve ecosystem connectivity 2. Increase biodiversity by species introduction 3. Mitigate the visual impacts of reforestation boundary 4. Adapt lineal structures to the terrain 5. Fit reforestation activities to landscape scale Criteria for internal landscape: small-scale approach 1. Protect riversides and shores 2. Design reforestation edges with gradual slope 3. Preserve or create gaps in forest cover 4. Preserve large and dead trees Forest Landscapes and Global Change-New Frontiers in Management, Conservation and Restoration. Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology Working Group International Conference, September 21-27, 2010, Bragança, Portugal. J.C. Azevedo, M. Feliciano, J. Castro & M.A. Pinto (eds.) 2010, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
V. Núñez et al. 2010. Landscape integration of Mediterranean reforestations: identification of best practices in Madrid region 281 5. Try to integrate infrastructures and equipment 6. Do not disturb the genius loci (spirit of the place) 3.3 Detailed landscape criteria 1. Reforestation pattern 2. Reforestation size 3. Planting density 4. Species selection 5. Soil preparation 6. Protection of the reforestation area 7. Initial pruning and thinning treatments. We only present here some of the main detailed landscape criteria as they exceed the length of this communication. 3.3.1. Reforestation pattern We assessed different patterns depending on the reforestation objective (table 1). A mosaic of structures is most proposed because it involves biodiversity increase (Díaz Pineda and Schmidtz 2003; Farina 2006; de Zavala et al. 2008), stability improvement (Margaleff 1993), connectivity strength (Pino et al. 2000; De Lucio et al. 2003) and enhanced visual quality (Ammer and Pröbstl 1991). 3.3.2. Reforestation size Mediterranean landscape reforestations must include forested patches of different size. But, for inside-forest species presence, patches over 100 ha must be part of the mosaic (Dajoz 2002). If pine reforestation is adopted, patches over 70 ha are needed to mature all forest phases development (Korpel 1982). 3.3.3. Planting density Planting density recommendations depend on reforestation objective: wood production (1000- 2000 trees/ha), erosion protection (3000-2000 trees/ha), natural forest reconstruction (
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Landscapes Forest and Global Change
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The contributions to this volume ha
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Table of contents Foreword Preface
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Fine-scale mapping of High Nature V
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Characterization of a Maculinea alc
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Urban tree inventory and socio-econ
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xiii Foreword Twenty years ago, Dr.
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Section 1 Scaling in landscape anal
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V. Cortes et al. 2010. Environmenta
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D. S. de Ron et al. 2010. Habitat s
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B. Bożętka 2010. Recent relations
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S.F. Chen et al. 2010. A physiotope
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V.D. de Campos & S M. Carvalho 2010
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N.S. Evseeva & Z.N. Kvasnikova 2010
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N.S. Evseeva & Z.N. Kvasnikova 2010
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S. Frank et al. 2010. A regionally
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M. García et al. 2010. The effect
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M. García et al. 2010. The effect
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S. Gholami et al. 2010. Spatial pat
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P. González-Moreno et al. 2010. Th
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T. Höbinger et al. 2010. Impact of
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P. Matos et al. 2010. Can lichen fu
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E.S. Meier et al. 2010. Projections
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E.S. Meier et al. 2010. Projections
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H. Moutahir et al. 2010. Applicatio
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H. Moutahir et al. 2010. Applicatio
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C. Palaghianu 2010. The use of Voro
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F. Peña-Cortés et al. 2010. Spati
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F.M. Rabenilalana et al. 2010. Mult
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A. Ruskule et al. 2010. Patterns of
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E. Sayad 2010. Nitrogen retrancloca
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E. Sayad 2010. Nitrogen retrancloca
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G. Zhelezov 2010. Evaluation of the
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Section 3 Disturbances in changing
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A. Altamirano et al. 2010. Human-ca
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A. Altamirano et al. 2010. Human-ca
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T. Curt & J. Pausas 2010. Are chang
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R.A Fleming et al. 2010. Forest man
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R.A Fleming et al. 2010. Forest man
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P.C. Goebel et al. 2010. How import
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L.R. Iverson et al. 2010. Merger of
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T.-C. Lin et al. 2010. Immediate ef
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K. L. Martin & P.C. Goebel 2010. Im
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G.M. Pastur et al. 2010. Indirect e
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E.W Saragih et al. 2010. Effects of
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L.R.P. Williamson et al. 2010. Anth
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N. Zurbriggen et al. 2010. Modeling
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Section 4 Biodiversity conservation
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Akbarzadeh et al. 2010. Ecotourism
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Akbarzadeh et al. 2010. Ecotourism
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C. Carvalho-Santos 2010. Fine-scale
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I. Catalano et al. 2010. Wood macro
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R.A. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Exten
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R.A. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Asses
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P.A.E. Diogo & J. Aranha 2010. GIS
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P.A.E. Diogo & J. Aranha 2010. GIS
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V. Etemad & N. Avani 2010. Investig
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A.E. Eycott et al. 2010. The impact
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E. Fernández-Núñez et al. 2010.
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N. Fracassi & D. Somma 2010. Partic
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M. Akbarzadeh & E. Kouhgardi 2010.
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B. Baran-Zgłobicka & W. Zgłobicki
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B. Baran-Zgłobicka & W. Zgłobicki
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J. Beldade & T. Panagopoulos 2010.
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S.M. Carvalho & A.R. de Freitas 201
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R.A. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Quant
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I. Duarte & F.C. Rego 2010. Land us
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J.S.V. Filho & M.L. Leite 2010. Sim
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F.J. Gómez et al. 2010. Land use c
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M.L. Leite & J.S.V. Filho2010. Anal
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M.L. Leite & J.S.V. Filho2010. Anal
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M.L.Leite & J.S.V. Filho 2010. Iden
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M. Ortega et al. 2010. Monitoring v
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G. Puddu et al. 2010. Landscape tra
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H.R. Ratsimba et al. 2010. Multi-sc
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M.C. Rodrigues et al. 2010. Charact
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M.C. Rodrigues et al. 2010. Charact
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M.T.C. Rodrigues & V. Silva 2010. L
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J. Schaefer-Santos & C. Lingnau 201
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S.M. Scheffer & E. Schimanski 2010.
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S.M. Scheffer & E. Schimanski 2010.
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J. Superson et al. 2010. The defore
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A.L. Teixido et al. 2010. Impacts o
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H. Viana & J. Aranha 2010. Assessin
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H. Viana & J. Aranha 2010. Mapping
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Section 6 Tools of landscape assess
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N. Avani et al. 2010. Investigation
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J.C. Azevedo et al. 2010. Spatial d
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T. Batista et al. 2010. The third d
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V. Caboun 2010. New classification
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A.M. Carvalho et al. 2010. Connecti
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M. Deconchat et al. 2010. Identific
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J. Gaspar et al. 2010. Visibility a
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J. Gaspar et al. 2010. Visibility a
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A.M. Geraldes 2010. Landscape runof
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A.M. Geraldes & M.J. Boavida 2010.
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K. Koschke et al. 2010. Using a mul
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J.-F. Mas et al. 2010. Assessing
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A. Matos et al. 2010. Economic valu
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A. Migliozzi et al. 2010. Land-use
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M.L Porto et al. 2010. Naturalness
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M.L Porto et al. 2010. Naturalness
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M. Rehor & V. Ondracek 2010. Applic
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J. Russell et al. 2010. Developing
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Section 7 Management and sustainabi
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P. Angelstam & M. Elbakidze. 2010.
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M. Castro et al. 2010. Relationship
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M. Elbakidze et al. 2010. Does fore
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E. Kouhgardi & M. Akbarzadeh 2010.
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E. Kouhgardi et al. 2010. Values of
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E. Kouhgardi et al. 2010. Values of
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E. Schimanski 2010. The importance
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L.A.M. da Silva & E. Shimanki 2010.
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N. Stryamets et al. 2010. Role of n
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E. Volkova 2010. The regional analy
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I. Löfström et al. 2010. Biodiver
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I. Silva et al. 2010. Lisbon’s pu
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Section 9 Symposia
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Z.L. Urech & J.P. Sorg 2010. Taking
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Measures of landscape structure as
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E.R. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Multi
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Network theory to conserve and reco
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S. Decout et al. 2010. Connectivity
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B. Terrones et al. 2010. Detecting
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M. Kolström et al. 2010. Is it pos
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Management and conservation of Medi
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E. Andrieu et al. 2010. When forest
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D. Geni et al. 2010. A framework fo
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A. Ouin et al. 2010. Do wooded elem
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J.M. Rey Benayas 2010. Restoration
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IUFRO Unit 8.01.02 Landscape Ecolog
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