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I. Catalano et al. 2010. Wood macrolichen Lobaria pulmonaria on chestnut tree crops: the case study of Roccamonfina park 189 2. Materials and methods The study was carried out in Roccamonfina’s Park a reserve located in the northen part of Campania, South Italy. According to the phytoclimatic classification (Nimis & Martellos, 2008), the area is intermediate between humid sub-Mediterranean and humid Mediterranean. The mean annual temperature is 15.7°C and the mean annual rainfall 950 mm. Forests in this area are dominated by chestnut tree crops (Castanea sativa Miller). The monitoring study was carried out between March and July 2008. Sixteen 30x30 m plots were selected, spaced 300-500 m inside four stations differing for forest cover and management. In the center of each plot, 6 trees colonized by Lobaria pulmonaria were sampled and georeferenced. On the selected trees, the presence of all epiphytic lichens was recorded from the trunk base to a height of 180 cm. Species nomenclature and phytoclimatic classification follow Nimis & Martellos (2008). In addition we calculated Lobaria pulmonaria area with the aid of 40x40 cm sampling grids divided into 1x1 cm contiguous quadrants: %=(total area of Lobaria pulmonaria/ lateral area of trunk)*100 Cartographic processing was carried out using ArcGis 9.3, Ilwis 3.4 and Idrisi Kilimangiaro GIS integrate software. Kriging was the interpolation method used to obtain a geostatistic correlation of the nearest randomly surveyed values inside the plots and to produce an estimate of minimum least squares variance, as a continuos map. The interpolation procedure, followed a pattern analysis that allowed to define the range of action of the algorithm (barriers), in order to minimize disturbance of adjacent areas not subject to survey. Four separate continuos grids, strictly related to the single plot, were subsequently elaborated to present Lobaria pulmonaria coverage percentage maps. Floristic data were analyzed with multivariate statistical methods (Podani 2007), namely a classification analysis (cluster analysis) and an ordination analysis (PCA, Principal Component Analysis), using SYN-TAX 2000 software. Cluster analysis was performed with group average link method (upgma) with chord distance for binary data as the dissimilarity coefficient, in order to identify the classification dendrogram. For ordination analysis a centred PCA was applied, obtaining the biplot of the species-stations dispersion and the screeplot showing the percentage of variability explained by each of the detected axes. Ecological indices were calculated to detect local trends related to pH of the substratum, solar irradiation, aridity, eutrophication and poleophoby referring to the Italian Lichen System (Nimis & Martellos, 2008). 3. Results A total of 74 lichen species were recorded during the survey on the 96 sampled trees, four of which were new findings for Campania region (Calicium abietinum Pers., Lobarina scrobiculata (Scop.) Nyl., Physconia subpulverulenta (Szatala) Poelt v. subpulverulenta, Platismatia glauca (L.) W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb). Most of the lichens (83.56%) presented a coccoid green alga as photobiont, whereas few of them had cyanobacterium (15.07%) or Trentepohlia (1.37%). Foliose lichens prevailed (50%), followed by crustose (39.18%) and fruticose (10.82%). Concerning phytoclimatic classification, temperate species prevailed (41.25%), divided in temperate (26.25%), mild temperate (10%) and cold temperate (5%). Then followed the suboceanic species (22.5%), and holartic (17.5%). The remaining 18.75% was divided in several phytoclimatic groups, among which the mediterranean. Two clusters for the stations (hereafter cluster A and B) and five for the species (hereafter cluster 1 to 5) were identified by classification analysis (Figure 1). The PCA (Figure 2) confirmed the groups identified by the cluster analysis. Forest Landscapes and Global Change-New Frontiers in Management, Conservation and Restoration. Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology Working Group International Conference, September 21-27, 2010, Bragança, Portugal. J.C. Azevedo, M. Feliciano, J. Castro & M.A. Pinto (eds.) 2010, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
I. Catalano et al. 2010. Wood macrolichen Lobaria pulmonaria on chestnut tree crops: the case study of Roccamonfina park 190 Figure 1 Dendrograms showing the main clusters of species (above) and stations (below) Forest Landscapes and Global Change-New Frontiers in Management, Conservation and Restoration. Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology Working Group International Conference, September 21-27, 2010, Bragança, Portugal. J.C. Azevedo, M. Feliciano, J. Castro & M.A. Pinto (eds.) 2010, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
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Landscapes Forest and Global Change
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The contributions to this volume ha
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Table of contents Foreword Preface
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Fine-scale mapping of High Nature V
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Characterization of a Maculinea alc
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Urban tree inventory and socio-econ
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xiii Foreword Twenty years ago, Dr.
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Section 1 Scaling in landscape anal
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V. Cortes et al. 2010. Environmenta
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D. S. de Ron et al. 2010. Habitat s
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B. Bożętka 2010. Recent relations
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S.F. Chen et al. 2010. A physiotope
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V.D. de Campos & S M. Carvalho 2010
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N.S. Evseeva & Z.N. Kvasnikova 2010
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N.S. Evseeva & Z.N. Kvasnikova 2010
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S. Frank et al. 2010. A regionally
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M. García et al. 2010. The effect
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M. García et al. 2010. The effect
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S. Gholami et al. 2010. Spatial pat
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T. Höbinger et al. 2010. Impact of
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P. Matos et al. 2010. Can lichen fu
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E.S. Meier et al. 2010. Projections
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E.S. Meier et al. 2010. Projections
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H. Moutahir et al. 2010. Applicatio
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H. Moutahir et al. 2010. Applicatio
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C. Palaghianu 2010. The use of Voro
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F. Peña-Cortés et al. 2010. Spati
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F.M. Rabenilalana et al. 2010. Mult
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A. Ruskule et al. 2010. Patterns of
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E. Sayad 2010. Nitrogen retrancloca
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E. Sayad 2010. Nitrogen retrancloca
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G. Zhelezov 2010. Evaluation of the
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Section 3 Disturbances in changing
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A. Altamirano et al. 2010. Human-ca
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A. Altamirano et al. 2010. Human-ca
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T. Curt & J. Pausas 2010. Are chang
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R.A Fleming et al. 2010. Forest man
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R.A Fleming et al. 2010. Forest man
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P.C. Goebel et al. 2010. How import
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L.R. Iverson et al. 2010. Merger of
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L.R. Iverson et al. 2010. Merger of
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Sara Marques et al. 2010. Impact of
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M.G.C. Martins & J. Aranha 2010. El
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J.-F. Mas et al. 2010. Modeling lan
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R.S. Moro & T.K. Pereira 2010. Eval
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R.S. Moro & C.H Rocha 2010. A metho
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M.C.C. Rodrigues et al. 2010. Contr
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M.C. Silva et al. 2010. Using Busin
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M. Tsibulnikova 2010. Economic esti
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M. Akbarzadeh & E. Kouhgardi 2010.
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J. Beldade & T. Panagopoulos 2010.
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M.L. Leite & J.S.V. Filho2010. Anal
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M. Ortega et al. 2010. Monitoring v
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M.C. Rodrigues et al. 2010. Charact
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Section 6 Tools of landscape assess
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J. Gaspar et al. 2010. Visibility a
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M.L Porto et al. 2010. Naturalness
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M. Rehor & V. Ondracek 2010. Applic
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J. Russell et al. 2010. Developing
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Section 7 Management and sustainabi
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M. Castro et al. 2010. Relationship
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Section 9 Symposia
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Z.L. Urech & J.P. Sorg 2010. Taking
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Measures of landscape structure as
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Network theory to conserve and reco
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Management and conservation of Medi
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IUFRO Unit 8.01.02 Landscape Ecolog
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