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P.C. Goebel et al. 2010. How important are riparian forests to aquatic foodwebs in agricultural watersheds 133 non-forested reaches. This may be related to the fact that we did not observe clear differences between δ 13 C signatures for some of the autochthonous resources (epilithon) and allochthonous resources (CPOM and riparian plants). It has been observed elsewhere that variation in stream flows, dissolved CO 2 concentrations, and δ 13 C concentrations in dissolved inorganic C can result in higher than expected algal δ 13 C values that overlap with detrital δ 13 C values which tend to be more consistent both spatially and temporally (Finlay 2004). Consequently, disentangling energy pathways in this system may require additional study or the use of other stable isotopes such as hydrogen (δD) (Finlay et al. 2010). We did observe differences in levels of consumer 15 N enrichment between the forested and nonforested riparian areas. However, we did not observe these differences with the higher-level consumers as anticipated. We had hypothesized that the increased diversity of basal food web resources associated with the forested sites would result in δ 15 N signatures of higher-level consumers. The fact that we did not detect such a relationship suggests a possible linkage with diet quality and stoichiometry associated with the different environments rather than trophic position. Similar linkages have been suggested by others observing similar patterns in streams of Arkansas (Dekar et al. 2009). This pattern may also be related to seasonality and differences associated with diet (i.e., more reliance on algae and macrophyte sources during the spring as these basal resources may have higher C:N ratios than detrital sources). However, more research on these mechanisms is clearly needed to better understand the patterns of 15 N enrichment in these headwater streams and how that may relate to riparian management and restoration. References Dekar, M.P., Magoulick, D.D., and Huxel, G.R. 2009. Shifts in the trophic base of intermittent stream food webs. Hydrobiologia, 635: 263-277. Finlay J.C. 2004. Patterns and controls of lotic algal stable carbon isotope ratios. Limnology and Oceanography, 49: 850-861. Finlay, J.C., Doucett, R.R., and McNeely, C. Tracing energy flow in stream food webs using stable isotopes of hydrogen. Freshwater Biology. 55: 941-951. Gregory, S.V., Swanson, F.J., McKee, W.A., and Cummins, K.W. 1991. An ecosystem perspective of riparian zones. Bioscience, 41: 540-551. Hamilton, S.K., Jr., Lewis, W.M, and Sippel, S.J. 1992. Energy sources for aquatic animals in the Orinoco River floodplain: evidence from stable isotopes. Oecologia, 89: 324-330. Ilhardt, B.L., Verry, E.S., and Palik, Bj.J. 2000. Defining riparian areas. In: E.S. Verry, J.W. Hornbeck, and C.A. Dolloff (Eds.). Riparian Management in Forests of the Continental Eastern United States. New York, USA: Lewis Publishers: 23-42. Malanson, G.P. 1993. Riparian landscapes. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Minshall, G.W., K.W. Cummins, T.L. Bott, J.R. Sedell, C.E. Cushing, and R.L. Vannote. 1985. Developments in stream ecosystem dynamics. Ecological Monographs 53:1-25. Naiman, R.J., Decamps, H., and Pollack, M. 1993. The role of riparian corridors in maintaining regional biodiversity. Ecological Applications, 3: 209-212. Peterson, B.J., and Fry, B. 1987. Stable isotopes in ecosystem studies. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 18: 293–320. Stinner, D.H., Paoletti, M.G., and Stinner, B.R. 1989 Amish agriculture and implications for sustainable agriculture. Agriculture, Ecosystems and the Environment, 27: 77-90. Vannote, R.L., Minshall, G.W., Cummins, K.W., Sedell, J.R., and Cushing, C.E. 1980. The river continuum concept. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 37: 130- 137. Wallace, J.B., Eggert, S.L., Meyer, J.L., and Webster, J.R. 1997. Multiple trophic levels of a forest stream linked to terrestrial litter inputs. Science, 77:102-104. Forest Landscapes and Global Change -New Frontiers in Management, Conservation and Restoration. Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology Working Group International Conference, September 21-27, 2010, Bragança, Portugal. J.C. Azevedo, M. Feliciano, J. Castro & M.A. Pinto (eds.) 2010, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
P.C. Goebel et al. 2010. How important are riparian forests to aquatic foodwebs in agricultural watersheds 134 A. Basal Resources 18 Forested Riparian Area 18 Non-Forested Riparian Area δ 15 N (‰) 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Algae Macrophytes Epilithon Herbaceous riparian Woody riparian CPOM FPOM DOC -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 δ 13 C (‰) -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 δ 13 C (‰) B. Consumers Forested Riparian Area 18 Non-Forested Riparian Area δ 15 N (‰) 15 10 5 0 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Filterers Gatherers Grazers Shredders Predators Black-nose dace Creek chub White sucker Central stoneroller -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 δ 13 C (‰) -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 δ 13 C (‰) Figure 1. Stable isotope food web plots for forested and non-forested riparian areas, Sugar Creek watershed, northeastern Ohio for the spring of 2008. Symbols represent the mean δ 13 C and δ 15 N values (± 1 SE) for each basal resource (A) and consumer taxonomic grouping (B). Note there were no woody riparian basal resources sampled for the non-forested riparian areas. Forest Landscapes and Global Change -New Frontiers in Management, Conservation and Restoration. Proceedings of the IUFRO Landscape Ecology Working Group International Conference, September 21-27, 2010, Bragança, Portugal. J.C. Azevedo, M. Feliciano, J. Castro & M.A. Pinto (eds.) 2010, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
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Landscapes Forest and Global Change
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The contributions to this volume ha
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Table of contents Foreword Preface
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Fine-scale mapping of High Nature V
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Characterization of a Maculinea alc
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Urban tree inventory and socio-econ
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xiii Foreword Twenty years ago, Dr.
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Section 1 Scaling in landscape anal
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V. Cortes et al. 2010. Environmenta
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D. S. de Ron et al. 2010. Habitat s
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B. Bożętka 2010. Recent relations
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S.F. Chen et al. 2010. A physiotope
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V.D. de Campos & S M. Carvalho 2010
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N.S. Evseeva & Z.N. Kvasnikova 2010
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S. Frank et al. 2010. A regionally
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M. García et al. 2010. The effect
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M. García et al. 2010. The effect
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S. Gholami et al. 2010. Spatial pat
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T. Höbinger et al. 2010. Impact of
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P. Matos et al. 2010. Can lichen fu
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E.S. Meier et al. 2010. Projections
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E.S. Meier et al. 2010. Projections
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H. Moutahir et al. 2010. Applicatio
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H. Moutahir et al. 2010. Applicatio
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C. Palaghianu 2010. The use of Voro
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C. Palaghianu 2010. The use of Voro
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C. Carvalho-Santos 2010. Fine-scale
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R.A. Diaz-Varela et al. 2010. Asses
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P.A.E. Diogo & J. Aranha 2010. GIS
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V. Etemad & N. Avani 2010. Investig
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A.E. Eycott et al. 2010. The impact
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E. Fernández-Núñez et al. 2010.
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N. Fracassi & D. Somma 2010. Partic
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J. Hartter et al. 2010. Fortresses
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M.B. Horta et al. 2010. Landscape S
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Sara Marques et al. 2010. Impact of
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M.G.C. Martins & J. Aranha 2010. El
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J.-F. Mas et al. 2010. Modeling lan
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M.C. Silva et al. 2010. Using Busin
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M. Tsibulnikova 2010. Economic esti
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J. Beldade & T. Panagopoulos 2010.
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M. Ortega et al. 2010. Monitoring v
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H.R. Ratsimba et al. 2010. Multi-sc
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M.C. Rodrigues et al. 2010. Charact
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IUFRO Unit 8.01.02 Landscape Ecolog
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