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<strong>KAZ</strong> S.A.’S GUIDE TO FEVER AND THERMOMETERS 1. What is Fever? If body temperature is consistently above normal temperature range, the patient is said to have a fever. Fevers are a defence mechanism the body uses to fight infections and are therefore frequently associated with illnesses. Yet fevers alone are not an illness, only a symptom. Babies and young children commonly have up to 12 infections per year, and on average seven of these cause a fever. Many of them are harmless, such as a sore throat or a cold. But they can be more dangerous, including acute ear infections, or even life-threatening, like meningitis. On average, school-age children have around three febrile infections per year and adults two. 2. Temperature measurement Temperatures are taken most commonly in the ear (tympanic measurement), in the mouth (orally measurement), under the arm (auxiliary measurement) or in the bottom (rectally measurement). Each method is considered accurate when done correctly. Except for ear thermometers, most digital thermometers are universal, meaning temperature can be taken orally, rectally or under the arm. Temperature readings can differ slightly depending on the method, so be sure to use the same method for the sake of consistency. • Ear Ear measurements are gentle, easy and fast, and thus preferred by many parents. However, the temperature often varies between readings, leading to the misconception that ear thermometers are inaccurate. To minimise this effect, it’s very important to use the correct ear thermometer. A reading of 38°C or higher is generally considered as fever. • Oral Oral temperature taking is generally recommended for children who are at least four years of age and can easily hold the thermometer in their mouth. A reading of 37.5°C or higher is generally considered a fever. • Underarm This is a safe and straightforward method for children of all ages. A reading of 37°C or higher is generally considered as fever. • Rectal Taking a baby’s rectal temperature is not difficult and does not have to be uncomfortable for either the baby or the parent. There are some thermometers designed especially for rectal measurements that make it fast and easy. A reading of 38°C or higher is generally considered a fever. 4
3. Different types of thermometer • Digital thermometers Electronic digital thermometers offer a number of advantages over glass thermometers. They obtain temperature readings faster, and their digital display is easy to read. There is also no risk of injury from broken glass or mercury. • Infrared thermometers Infrared thermometers measure heat generated by surfaces and cavities. The key advantage of this type of thermometer is its speed - it takes just seconds to take a temperature reading. Infrared ear thermometers measure the heat generated by the eardrum and surrounding tissue. They give an accurate temperature on an easy-to-read digital display in just a few seconds. In addition, because the ear is easily accessed and the measurement is fast, they are ideal for use with children. Infrared skin thermometers measure the infrared heat produced by the skin at other sites on the body, such as the forehead, temple or under the arm. Because the sensors do not measure the temperature below the skin surface, the measurements may not accurately reflect the core body temperature. 5
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