Formulation and Evaluation of Lawsonia Inermis Paste

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences ISSN: 2229-3701
_____________________________________________________________________Research Paper
Formulation and Evaluation of Lawsonia Inermis Paste
D.Deborah Evangeline*, R.Bhavani Shankar 1 , Ramesh Kumar Reddy.Y 2 ,
Bharath Kumar.A 2 .
*Department of Pharmaceutics, Cherraan`s College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, TN, India.
1. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cherraan`s College of Pharmacy,
Coimbatore, TN, India.
.2. Department of Pharmaceutics, Cherraan`s College of Pharmacy,Coimbatore, TN, India.
___________________________________________________________________________
ABSTRACT
Herbal pastes with henna (Lawsonia inermis) were formulated with oleaginous base .The pastes were
evaluated for its physiochemical parameters like P H , spredability & stability studies. In addition assessment of
antimicrobial activity of herbal paste was also performed. Formulated herbal paste shows good spredability,
stability and excellent antimicrobial activity.
Key Words: Paste, Lawsonia inermis, pH, spredability, stability, antimicrobial activity
INTRODUCTION
Pastes are semisolid dosage forms that contain
one or more drug substances intended for topical
application 1 . The base may be anhydrous (liquid or
soft paraffin) or water soluble (glycerol or a
mucilage).Their stiffness makes them useful as
protective coatings 2 .Herbal medicine also called
botanical medicine or phyto medicine, refers to use
of any plant’s seeds, berries, roots, bark, flowers or
leaves for medicinal purposes 3 .Plant drugs are
frequently considered to be as less toxic and free
from side effects than the synthetic ones 4 .
Lawsonia inermis having synonyms henna,
mehendi, shudhi, gornti, madayantika, madurung,
manghiti, is dicotyledonous herbaceous shrub
belonging to the family Lythraceae .Their leaves
are small opposite in arrangement along the
branches, sub sessile, about 1.5-5 cm long, 0.5 -
2cm wide, greenish green to dull geeen, elliptic to
broadly lanceolate with entire margen, petiole short
and glabrous and acute or obtuse apex with
tapering base.
Henna has been used cosmetically and
medicinally for over 9000 years. Henna used in
traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments as
rheumatoid arthritis, headache, ulcers, diarrhea,
leprosy, fever, diabetes, cardiac disease,
hepatoprotective and also as colouring agent.
Although this plant has been widely used in various
________________________________________
*Address for correspondence:
E-mail: deb_pharmabiotech@yahoo.co.in
symptoms and diseases, only few pharmacological
studies have been reported. They have antidiabetic
activity, immune modulatory effect,
hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antimicrobial,
antiviral ,anti parasitic, antifertility, analgesic, antiinflammatory,
cytotoxic, anti-sickling, abortifacint
activity, enzyme inhibitory activity, memory and
behavior effectiveness, anticoagulant ,wound
healing activity,nematicidal effect 5 .
MATERIALS
Plant material:
The fresh leaves of plant were collected during
morning session from medicinal garden, cherraan’s
college of pharmacy, Coimbatore and then shade
dried as specified in WHO.
Chemicals used:
Starch, white soft paraffin, ethanol from
laboratories of Cherraan’s College of Pharmacy.
The entire chemicals used were of analytical grade
and used as procured.
Media used:
a) Muller Hinton agar medium (Hi media)
b) Sabourand’s dextrose agar medium (Hi media)
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International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences ISSN: 2229-3701
Strains used:
Bacterial culture:
Gram positive
Gram negative
Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus
Bacillus cereus Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Bacillus licheniformis Proteus mirabilis
Bacillus megaterium Aeromonas
hydrophylia
Streptococcus pyrogens
Fungal culture:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
METHODS
Preparation of lawsonia inermis extract:
In this process 1 g of the leaves was boiled
with 100 ml of water for 5 min. After boiling,
liquid is strained and water is passed through the
content of strainer to make the required volume.
Preparation of paste formulation 6 :
The general formula for the paste is as follows ,
Starch 25%
White soft paraffin 50%
Herbal medicine 25%
Method:
Mix the required rate of starch with the herbal
medicine in a dried mortar. Melt the white soft
paraffin on the water bath and add small quantity of
melted base to mortar until smooth, add remaining
base and mix until cold and uniform paste is
obtained, packed in suitable container. Different
formulations were prepared by using various
proportions listed in table1.
Based on apparence, consistency and stability,
formulation-4 was selected as ideal formulation.
Ideal formulation was used for various evaluating
parameters like p H , spredability, stability,
antimicrobial activity. Apparence, consistency and
stability of various formulations are listed in table2
and 3.
Determination of p H 7 :
P H of ideal formulation was determined by 1%
aqueous solution using digital p H meter (ELICO
INDIA).
Determination of Spreadability 8 :
For the determination of spredability excess of
sample was applied in between two glass slides and
was compressed to uniform thickness by placing
1000 gm weight for 5 minutes. The time required
to separate the two slides i.e., the time in which
upper glass slide moves over the lower plate was
taken as measure of spredability(S).
S = m × l ∕ t
Where; m=weight tide to upper slide,
l=length moved on glass slide,
t=time taken.
Determination of stability:
All the formulations were kept for stability
studies under room temperature for 60 days
Antimicrobial activity:
Anti bacterial activity:
Anti bacterial activity of the ideal formulation
paste was conducted by standard agar diffusion
method. The sterilized Muller Hinton agar medium
(Hi media)was poured into the sterile petridish
and allow for solidification the inoculcation of
selected bacterial suspension was done by
spreading with the sterile cotton swabs solid
medium After 10 min holes of about 4-5mm in dm
were bored in the medium with sterile borer .The
ideal formulation as well as standard paste was
placed and kept for 4 hours at room temperature for
diffusion and then kept in incubator at 37 0 c.After
18-24 hours of incubation ,the diameter of zone of
inhibition around each hole was observed.
Anti fungal activity:
The anti fungal activity of the ideal formulation
was studied by cup plate method. The sterilized
Sabourand’s dextrose agar medium (Hi media) was
poured into the sterile petridish and allow for
solidification .The inoculcation of selected bacterial
suspension was done by spreading with the sterile
cotton swabs on solid medium .After drying 10
min, holes of about 5-8mm in dm were bored in the
medium with sterile borer, the ideal formulation
was placed inside the bored cups and the petridish
was kept under aseptic condition for 3-4 days in
optimal temperature the diameter of zone of
inhibition around each cup was observed.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
The P H of ideal formulation was found to be
6.8,which lies in normal p H range of
skin.Spredability is the parameter which help in the
uniform application of paste to the skin. A good
paste takes less time to spread and will have high
spreadability.Spreadability of ideal formulation
was found to be10.5.Stability studies found that the
ideal formulation shown stable until 60 days.
Antimicrobial activity of ideal formulation was
done and results were tabulated in table-4.The ideal
formulation shown good activity when compare
with standard and shown higher sensitivity towards
gram positive bacteria Bacillus licheniformis.The
order of sensitivity is as follows:
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International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences ISSN: 2229-3701
Bacillus lichniformis>Staphylococcus
aureus=Bacillus
cereus=Bacillus
magaterium=Aeromonas hydriphyiia>Escherichia
coli> Pseudomonas aeruginosa=Stretococcus
pyogens.
Antifungal activity of ideal formulation was done
and results were tabulated in table-5.The ideal
formulation shown good activity when compared
with standard.
CONCLUSION:
Herbal pastes with henna leaves were
formulated.the ideal paste shown good physio
chemical propreties.The antimicrobial activity of
the ideal formulation is comparable to the standard
and have higher activity than the standard. These
results suggest that the feasibility of the topical
herbal paste of lawsonia inermis.Furthur
investigation can be carried out to establish in
vivo&in vitro release pattern in animal models and
human volunteers and can be patented.
Table -1. Various Formulations
S.NO Ingredients Types of formulation
F1 F2 F3 F4
1. Starch 25% 25% 25% 25%
2. White soft paraffin 50% 50% 50% 50%
3. Herbal medicine
a)leaf extract
b)leaf grinded with water
c)leaf powder
d)leaf fine powder
25%
-
-
-
-
25%
-
-
-
-
25%
-
-
-
-
25%
Table-2
Physiochemical Properties of Pastes
S.NO Formulation Appearance Consistency
1.
Formulation-1
Greasy
Low consistency
2.
Formulation-2
Greasy
Low consistency
3.
Formulation-3
Greasy with gritty particles
Ideal
4.
Formulation-4
ideal
ideal
Table-3
Stability of pastes
S.NO Formulation Stability in days
15 30 45 60
1.
Formulation-1
S
D
D
D
2.
Formulation-2
S
D
D
D
3.
Formulation-3
S
S
S
S
4.
Formulation-4
S
S
S
S
S=stable
D=deteriorate (fungal growth)
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International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences ISSN: 2229-3701
Table-4
Anti bacterial activity of ideal formulation:
S.NO Name of strains used Diameter of zone of inhibition (in mm)
Ideal formulation
Herbal marketed product
1.
Staphylococcus aureus
20
12
2.
Bacillus cereus
20
09
3.
Bacillus licheniformis
22
12
4.
Bacillus megaterium
20
08
5.
Streptococcus pyrogens.
18
09
6.
Escherichia coli
19
10
7.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
18
10
8.
Proteus mirabilis
20
10
9.
Aeromonas hydrophylia
20
09
Table-5.
Anti fungal activity of ideal formulation:
S.NO Name of strain used Diameter of zone of inhibition (in mm)
Ideal formulation
Herbal marketed product
1. Saccharomyces cerevisiae 14 08
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