1995-96 - Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany
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1995-96 - Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany

1995-96 - Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany 1995-96 - Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany

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BSIP climate during this period. Between 1500 to 900 yrs B.P. the cxpansion of broad-leaved clcments such as Betula, Salix, Rhododendron into these steppcs suggests the amclioration in climate. Thereafter, the reversal of cold and dry climate took placc as cvidenccd by the improvement in Ephedra, .1zmipen,s and grasses and a corresponding decline in the broadleaved elements. Programme 7.3 Objective M.S. Chauhan Pollen analysis of 4 surface samples gathered from the vicinity of Chharaka Tal (Sat Tal), Garhwal Himalaya has revealed the exceedingly high values of Pinus followed by Cedrus, Abies, Picea, Quercus, Alnus, Carpinus, Betula, etc. reflecting more or Icss the surrounding vegetation. The non-arborcals such as Poaceac, Cyperaceae, Artemisia, Cheno/ Ams, Asteraceae, Ranunculaeeae are also recorded in good frequencies. However, the over representation of Asteraceae in one of the samples denotes the abundance of the members of this fanlily. M.S. Chauhan & Chhaya Sharma Constructcd pollen spectra of air catches from Chaurangi-KJlal and Nachiketa Tal, Garhwal Himalaya. Studies reflect more or less surrounding vegetation except for Pinus which deem to be drifted. History of mangrove vegetation in India Asha Gupta & Chhaya Shanna Tostudy palynostratigraphy and Di'persed Organic Mafler analysis ojthe sedimentsjrom Chilka Lake in Mahanadi-Brahmani- Baitarini deltaic region in Orissa Twenty samples of Dangmal profile collected from thickets of mangrove forest at Bhitarkanika, Mahanadi Delta have been palynologically investigated, and exhibited rich occurrence of palynodebris such as pollen, spores, diatoms, dinoflagellate cysts, microforaminifera, pseudoschizea, etc. The core-mangrove taxa encountered are Rhizophora, Heriliera, Sonneratia, Avicennia, Excoecaria, Aegia/itis, etc. indicating conducive environment for growth and development of mangroves. Accomplished the pollen analysis of 1.5 m deep profile dated back to 20,000 yrs B.P. from Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Three phases of vegetation development have been recognised : Phase I, between depth of 110.0-80.0 cm, covering a time span betwecn 20,000-18,000 yrs B. P., recorded the existence of brackish water Heritiera forest, wherein Avicennia, Lumnilzera, Acrostichum, Rhizophoraceae, Palmae had made their presence in moderate values. Phasc II, between depth of 80.0-45.0 cm, covering a time span between 18,000­ 12,000 yrs B.P., had witnessed a shift in vegetation from brackish water Heritiera forest to salt-marsh vegetation wherein halophytes like Salsola, Suaeda, Porteresia and sedges colonised. The occurrence of hinterland taxa such as Holoptelea, Salvadora, Emblica, Oleaceae, Fabaceae, etc. have also been recorded. Phase !II, between depth of45.0-0.0 cm covering a time span of 12,000 yrs B.P., 118

1995-96 recorded the reciprocity of Phase I indicating the re-establishment of brackish water Heritiera forest albeit in degraded form. H.P. Gupta & Asha Khandelwal Programme 7.4 Dendrochronology oftemperate and tropical trees and seasonality of cambium activity Ohjective To reconstruct climate (temperature and precipitation) from tree ring;' Programme 7.5 Ohjective To study environmental factors determining the seasonality of camhium activity Tree ring samples collected from Podocarpus growing in Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu were studied to understand its growth behaviour. Tree rings of this site is found problematic in dating. Ring boundaries are often not clear and at many places rings get anastomosed each other. A floating tree ring chronology of teak from one disc sample available in the Wood Museum of Institute of Wood Science and Technology was prepared. This chronology was tentatively dated 1159-1959 AD after cross matching with master chronology (1872-1987 AD) of teak prepared from Korzi, Andhra Pradesh. R.R. Yadav & A. Bhattaeharyya Plant remains from pre- and proto-historic sites in northern and northwestern India To study agricultural practices in context of different cultures in time and space To sketch the perspectives of ecological potential of contemporary agro-ecosystem and their contemplated fi,rther development To determine the interaction o.fpre-historic man with the floral wealth To reconstruct regional models of ecological conditions around the cultural set/lements Large quantities of h.ighly deformed and mutilated botanical remains collected at places from the heaps of ash filled inside four altars or hawan-kundas of Kushana Period (100-300 A.D.) at Sanghol, District Ludhiana, Punjab, have been critically examined and studied. The studies for the first time in archaeological context of the subcontinent, bear ample testimony to the confirmation of statements made in Vedic, Puranie and other religious scriptures about the use of varied plant products with healthy constituents and agreeable aroma, in the traditional sacrificial rituals .. The identifiable remains include the mixture of seven types of food-grains, comprising rice (Oryza sativa), barley (Hordeum vulgare), wheat (Triticumaestivum), greengram or mung (Vigna radiata), blackgram or urad (Vigna mungo), lentil (Lens culinaris) and 119

<strong>1995</strong>-<strong>96</strong><br />

recorded the reciprocity <strong>of</strong> Phase I indicating the re-establishment <strong>of</strong> brackish water Heritiera<br />

forest albeit in degraded form.<br />

H.P. Gupta & Asha Khandelwal<br />

Programme 7.4 Dendrochronology <strong>of</strong>temperate and tropical trees and seasonality<br />

<strong>of</strong> cambium activity<br />

Ohjective To reconstruct climate (temperature and precipitation) from<br />

tree ring;'<br />

Programme 7.5<br />

Ohjective<br />

To study environmental factors determining the seasonality <strong>of</strong><br />

camhium activity<br />

Tree ring samples collected from Podocarpus growing in Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu<br />

were studied to understand its growth behaviour. Tree rings <strong>of</strong> this site is found problematic<br />

in dating. Ring boundaries are <strong>of</strong>ten not clear and at many places rings get anastomosed<br />

each other.<br />

A floating tree ring chronology <strong>of</strong> teak from one disc sample available in the Wood<br />

Museum <strong>of</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> <strong>of</strong> Wood Science and Technology was prepared. This chronology was<br />

tentatively dated 1159-1959 AD after cross matching with master chronology (1872-1987<br />

AD) <strong>of</strong> teak prepared from Korzi, Andhra Pradesh.<br />

R.R. Yadav & A. Bhattaeharyya<br />

Plant remains from pre- and proto-historic sites in northern<br />

and northwestern India<br />

To study agricultural practices in context <strong>of</strong> different cultures<br />

in time and space<br />

To sketch the perspectives <strong>of</strong> ecological potential <strong>of</strong> contemporary<br />

agro-ecosystem and their contemplated fi,rther development<br />

To determine the interaction o.fpre-historic man with the floral<br />

wealth<br />

To reconstruct regional models <strong>of</strong> ecological conditions around<br />

the cultural set/lements<br />

Large quantities <strong>of</strong> h.ighly deformed and mutilated botanical remains collected at<br />

places from the heaps <strong>of</strong> ash filled inside four altars or hawan-kundas <strong>of</strong> Kushana Period<br />

(100-300 A.D.) at Sanghol, District Ludhiana, Punjab, have been critically examined and<br />

studied. The studies for the first time in archaeological context <strong>of</strong> the subcontinent, bear<br />

ample testimony to the confirmation <strong>of</strong> statements made in Vedic, Puranie and other religious<br />

scriptures about the use <strong>of</strong> varied plant products with healthy constituents and<br />

agreeable aroma, in the traditional sacrificial rituals ..<br />

The identifiable remains include the mixture <strong>of</strong> seven types <strong>of</strong> food-grains, comprising<br />

rice (Oryza sativa), barley (Hordeum vulgare), wheat (Triticumaestivum), greengram<br />

or mung (Vigna radiata), blackgram or urad (Vigna mungo), lentil (Lens culinaris) and<br />

119

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