Manual for the Benzodiazepine Dependence Questionnaire (BDEPQ)
Manual for the Benzodiazepine Dependence Questionnaire (BDEPQ) Manual for the Benzodiazepine Dependence Questionnaire (BDEPQ)
DEVELOPMENT 17 Table 5: Number of participants with CIDI diagnoses of BZD dependence ICD10 Lifetime but Never not current Current Total Never 66 0 0 66 DSM3R Lifetime but 8 2 1 11 not current Current 10 0 5 15 Total 84 2 6 92 Notes: CIDI = Composite International Diagnostic Interview� ICD10 = International Classi cation of Diseases, 10th edition� DSM3R = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association, third edition revised� A current diagnosis was given if three ormore symptoms occurred in the last month, while a lifetime but not current diagnosis was given if three symptoms occurred simultaneously at any other time.
18 DEVELOPMENT BZD withdrawal symptoms. Respondents were asked to describe their experience of BZD withdrawal symptoms on the BWSQ. Of the 267 participants in the development sample, 241 completed the BWSQ at the rst wave. Many respondents returned questionnaires which had confusing responses to the section of the BWSQ which asked whether the symptom had occurred while dose of BZDs was stable or while the dose was being reduced or stopped. Responses to this part of the scale were ignored in wave one because their meaning was unclear. Thus scores on the BWSQ for wave one indicate the experience of symptoms, which have been associated with withdrawal in other samples, at any time in the past rather than only when BZDs were stopped or reduced. The average score on the BWSQ was 5:27 (sd =6:06) indicating the most common experience was of ve symptoms of moderate severity. The distribution of scores on the BWSQ was highly positively skewed with 36 being the highest score. Many (n =58� 24:1%) respondents reported that they had never experienced any of the 20 symptoms listed in the BWSQ. Most of the sample were using BZDs outside the current National Health and Medical Research Council recommendations and guidelines (NH&MRC, 1991), and most thought that they were addicted or dependent. However, the majority of those interviewed did not meet criteria for a diagnosis of dependence nor had many experienced more than moderate withdrawal. Thus the majority ofthe sample thought that they were dependent on BZDs while there was little evidence to support this belief in the information collected. Other properties of the sample The scores of the sample on self-report measures of neuroticism (EPQ-N), depression (BDI), and Anxiety (BAI) are shown in Table 6. Neuroticism. Twohundred and fty-one of the sample (94:0%) returned complete EPQ-N questionnaires. From these responses the mean score was 11:6 (sd =6:0) for females and 9:9 (sd =5:2) for males. The mean N scores for the normative sample described in the EPQ manual (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1975) are 12:74 (sd =5:2) for women and 9:83 (sd =5:18) for men indicating that N scores in the sample were not di erent to the normative sample. Using the cut-o scores of 12 and over for womenand10andover for men, 49:4% (n =132)ofthe sample scored on the `neurotic' side of the cut-o . Male respondents scored lower on EPQ-N compared with females in the sample consistent with the normative sample (t250 =2:35�p < :05). Ashton and Golding (1989) compared BZD users with other people in a random population sample of over nine thousand adults in the United Kingdom. They report that BZD users have higher EPQ-N scores (mean =13:7�sd =5:3�n= 296) than people who did not use these medications (mean =9:5�sd=5:2�n= 8707). The average EPQ-N scores for the present sample were lower than those described
- Page 1 and 2: Manual for the Benzodiazepine Depen
- Page 3 and 4: List of Tables 1 Comparison of samp
- Page 5 and 6: 2 RATIONALE AND BACKGROUND Careful
- Page 7 and 8: 4 RATIONALE AND BACKGROUND BZD depe
- Page 9 and 10: 6 SCORING INSTRUCTIONS Many of the
- Page 11 and 12: 8 DEVELOPMENT In general higher sco
- Page 13 and 14: 10 DEVELOPMENT Table 1: Comparison
- Page 15 and 16: 12 DEVELOPMENT NHS of the Australia
- Page 17 and 18: 14 DEVELOPMENT Table 3: Doses of BZ
- Page 19: 16 DEVELOPMENT CIDI diagnoses of BZ
- Page 23 and 24: 20 DEVELOPMENT Table 6: Neuroticism
- Page 25 and 26: 22 DEVELOPMENT than 0.4 were discar
- Page 27 and 28: 24 DEVELOPMENT Table 7: The results
- Page 29 and 30: 26 DEVELOPMENT Table 7: The results
- Page 31 and 32: 28 DEVELOPMENT Table 7: The results
- Page 33 and 34: 30 DEVELOPMENT Table 7: The results
- Page 35 and 36: 32 PROPERTIES OF BDEPQ TOTAL SCORES
- Page 37 and 38: 34 PROPERTIES OF BDEPQ TOTAL SCORES
- Page 39 and 40: 36 VALIDITY OF THE BDEPQ CIDI diagn
- Page 41 and 42: 38 VALIDITY OF THE BDEPQ Table 10:
- Page 43 and 44: 40 VALIDITY OF THE BDEPQ 2 model (G
- Page 45 and 46: 42 VALIDITY OF THE BDEPQ predictive
- Page 47 and 48: 44 MEASURES OF WITHDRAWAL 23 would
- Page 49 and 50: 46 MEASURES OF WITHDRAWAL Table 11:
- Page 51 and 52: 48 MEASURES OF WITHDRAWAL Table 11:
- Page 53 and 54: 50 MEASURES OF WITHDRAWAL Table 11:
- Page 55 and 56: 52 ACKNOWLEDGMENT on some structure
- Page 57 and 58: 54 REFERENCES References American P
- Page 59 and 60: 56 REFERENCES Edwards, G., & Gross,
- Page 61 and 62: 58 REFERENCES Nunnally, J. (1967).
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DEVELOPMENT 17<br />
Table 5: Number of participants with CIDI diagnoses of BZD dependence<br />
ICD10<br />
Lifetime but<br />
Never not current Current Total<br />
Never 66 0 0 66<br />
DSM3R Lifetime but 8 2 1 11<br />
not current<br />
Current 10 0 5 15<br />
Total 84 2 6 92<br />
Notes: CIDI = Composite International Diagnostic Interview� ICD10 = International<br />
Classi cation of Diseases, 10th edition� DSM3R = Diagnostic and Statistical<br />
<strong>Manual</strong> of <strong>the</strong> American Psychiatric Association, third edition revised� A<br />
current diagnosis was given if three ormore symptoms occurred in <strong>the</strong> last month,<br />
while a lifetime but not current diagnosis was given if three symptoms occurred<br />
simultaneously at any o<strong>the</strong>r time.
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