Federal Court - Christian Aboriginal Infrastructure Developments ...
Federal Court - Christian Aboriginal Infrastructure Developments ... Federal Court - Christian Aboriginal Infrastructure Developments ...
Page: 172 [671] Cooper and Edwards are dealing with issues of regulatory negligence where the Supreme Court of Canada found that the defendants were engaged in third-party relationships with plaintiffs and there was no proximate relationship. The difference between instances of regulatory negligence and direct negligence was addressed by the Ontario Court of Appeal in Attis v. Canada (Minister of Health) (2008), 300 D.L.R. (4 th ) 415 (Ont. C.A.), leave to appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada refused (2009), 303 D.L.R. (4 th ) vi. 2010 FC 495 (CanLII) [672] In Heaslip Estate v. Mansfield Ski Club Inc. (2009), 310 D.L.R. (4 th ) 506 (Ont. C.A.), the Ontario Court of Appeal commented on the regulatory negligence cases at paras. 19 and 20 as follows: 19 This case is distinguishable from cases like Cooper and Attis. In those cases, the plaintiffs suffered harm at the hands of a party involved in an activity subject to regulatory authority, and then alleged negligence on the part of the governmental authority charged with the duty of regulating the activity that gave rise to the plaintiff's loss. Cooper and Attis hold that such plaintiffs have no direct relationship with the governmental authority and can assert no higher claim to a duty of care than any other member of the public. 20 The claim asserted here does not rest solely upon a statute conferring regulatory powers, as in Cooper and Attis, but is focused instead on the specific interaction that took place between Patrick Heaslip and Ontario when the request for an air ambulance was made. In this case, the relationship between Patrick Heaslip and the governmental authority is direct, rather than being mediated by a party subject to the regulatory control of the governmental authority. [673] The Ontario Court of Appeal noted that the emphasis, in considering proximity for the purposes of recognizing a duty of care, is upon the direct relationship between the parties.
Page: 173 [674] Similarly, the Defendant’s reliance on Design Services, to vitiate the proximity on policy grounds, is misplaced. In that decision, the Supreme Court of Canada rejected a prima facie duty of care due to its finding on a policy consideration. The policy consideration was the failure of the appellant to protect itself by contract from the economic loss. [675] The case of Design Services arose in a very different factual context from the present action. 2010 FC 495 (CanLII) [676] Design Services was a tendering case where the subcontractors sought to impose liability on the owners. It was a case of third party liability. There is no third party liability in the case at bar. [677] Further, I accept the Plaintiffs’ evidence that they attempted to obtain assurances in writing from the Department; see for example Exhibit D-11, Tab 106, among other evidence in the record. [678] Given the significant differences between the factual context in this case and that in Design Services, the absence of third party liability and the efforts of the Plaintiffs to secure assurances from the Department, it is my opinion that Design Services does not apply here. [679] In the present action, there is ample evidence to show that the relationship between the Plaintiffs and the Defendant is direct and proximate. It is impossible to refer to each specific piece of evidence that underlies and supports my findings of proximity. The evidence is in the record. Some examples of the supporting evidence will be discussed in respect of each Plaintiff.
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Page: 173<br />
[674] Similarly, the Defendant’s reliance on Design Services, to vitiate the proximity on policy<br />
grounds, is misplaced. In that decision, the Supreme <strong>Court</strong> of Canada rejected a prima facie duty of<br />
care due to its finding on a policy consideration. The policy consideration was the failure of the<br />
appellant to protect itself by contract from the economic loss.<br />
[675] The case of Design Services arose in a very different factual context from the present action.<br />
2010 FC 495 (CanLII)<br />
[676] Design Services was a tendering case where the subcontractors sought to impose liability on<br />
the owners. It was a case of third party liability. There is no third party liability in the case at bar.<br />
[677] Further, I accept the Plaintiffs’ evidence that they attempted to obtain assurances in writing<br />
from the Department; see for example Exhibit D-11, Tab 106, among other evidence in the record.<br />
[678] Given the significant differences between the factual context in this case and that in Design<br />
Services, the absence of third party liability and the efforts of the Plaintiffs to secure assurances<br />
from the Department, it is my opinion that Design Services does not apply here.<br />
[679] In the present action, there is ample evidence to show that the relationship between the<br />
Plaintiffs and the Defendant is direct and proximate. It is impossible to refer to each specific piece<br />
of evidence that underlies and supports my findings of proximity. The evidence is in the record.<br />
Some examples of the supporting evidence will be discussed in respect of each Plaintiff.