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Cis-1,2-dichloroethene CAS 156-59-2 Assessor A: Nick Brown Grontmij Assessor B: Catherine Helm WD Environmental Final Review Panel/SF
Date 29/05/2009 Date 01/06/2009 Date 28/08/2009
MDI
Recommended
MDIoral
Units
4 ug day-1
Justification: Only US Data has been identified. In the majority of cases exposure through drinking water and food is likely to be negligible however sources in drinking water have been identified. A value
of 4ug day-1 for background exposure through drinking water is tentatively proposed within the WHO Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. This value
appears to be based on the US study that identified detectable concentrations in 8% of drinking water sources with detectable concentrations ranging between 2-120ug/l. In conjunction with the MDI
Inhalation (6ug day-1 see below) this equates to a total of 10ug/day background exposure which conforms reasonably well with the RIVM estimate of total background exposure to the mixed isomers of
0.13ug/kg-bw/day (9.1ug/day for a 70kg adult). The same value has also been selected for the trans isomer since the primary study does not distinguish between the two isomers.
Organisation Date Media Value Units Description Reference Web link
International Programme on
14/04/2009 See WHO Guidelines for See WHO Guidelines
See WHO Guidelines for DWQ
Chemical Safety (IPCS)
DWQ
for DWQ
See WHO
Guidelines for
DWQ
WHO (2003) 1,2-Dichloroethene in drinking-water. Background
document for preparation of WHO Guidelines for drinking-water quality.
Geneva, World Health Organization, (WHO/SDE/WSH/03.04/72)
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/1,2-
Dichloroethene.pdf
Joint Expert Committee on Food
Additives (JECFA)
14/04/2009 See WHO Guidelines for
DWQ
See WHO Guidelines
for DWQ
See WHO
Guidelines for
DWQ
See WHO Guidelines for DWQ
WHO (2003) 1,2-Dichloroethene in drinking-water. Background
document for preparation of WHO Guidelines for drinking-water quality.
Geneva, World Health Organization, (WHO/SDE/WSH/03.04/72)
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/1,2-
Dichloroethene.pdf
WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water
Quality
14/04/2009 Drinking water 4 ug/day 1,2 dichloroethene (mixed isomers) detected in 8% of drinking WHO (2003) 1,2-Dichloroethene in drinking-water. Background
supplies derived from groundwater, at concentrations between document for preparation of WHO Guidelines for drinking-water quality.
2-120ug/l. The high end value is therefore greatly atypical with Geneva, World Health Organization, (WHO/SDE/WSH/03.04/72)
the majority of drinking water containing concentrations less
than detection levels. Estimated 4ug/l MDI is based on a
concentration of 2ug/l in drinking water.
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/1,2-
Dichloroethene.pdf
Dutch National Institute for Public
Health and the Environment (RIVM)
Maximum Permissible Risk (MPR)
Levels
US Agency for Toxic Substances and
Disease Registry (ATSDR)
Toxicological Profiles and Minimal
Risk Levels
14/04/2009 Drinking water 0-120 ug/l Dutch data not available. 1,2 dichloroethene (mixed isomers)
detected in 8% of drinking supplies derived from groundwater,
at concentrations between 2-120ug/l.. RIVM estimated
background exposure of 0.13ug/kg-bw/day for the mixed
isomers via inhalation and oral intake.
RIVM Report 711701 025. Re-evaluation of human toxicological
maximum permissible risk levels A.J. Bars, R.M.C Theelan, P.J.C.M.
Janssen, J.M. Hesse, M.E. van Apeldoorn, M.C.M. Meijerink, L.Verdam,
M.J.Zeilmaker March 2001
14/04/2009 Drinking water 0-120 ug/l 1,2 dichloroethene (mixed isomers) detected in 8% of drinking
supplies derived from groundwater, at concentrations between
2-120ug/l. The high end value is atypical with the majority of
drinking water containing concentrations less than detection
levels.
Toxicological Profile for 1,2-Dichloroethene, ATSDR, 1996
http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/711701025.pdf
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp87.pdf
USEPA Health Advisories 14/04/2009 DW 0.07 mg/l MCLG & MCL www.epa.gov/waterscience/criteria/drinking/
Toxicological Data Network
14/04/2009 ND to 408 ug/l ADI from water in HSDB Database (Cis isomer specific) (3) EPA; National Contaminant Occurrence Database. cis-1,2-
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/
(TOXNET)
Dichloroethylene. Available from the Database Query page at
http://www.epa.gov/safewater/data/ncod.html as of Apr 12, 2001.
Justification: Only US Data has been identified. The value of 6ug/day is the maximum value within range that ATSDR suggest that the general US population is likely to be exposed to. In conjunction with
MDI Recommended MDIinh Units the MDI Oral (4ug day-1 see above) this equates to a total of 10ug/day background exposure which conforms reasonably well with the RIVM estimate of total background exposure to the mixed isomers of
0.13ug/kg-bw/day (9.1ug/day for a 70kg adult). The same value has also been selected for the trans isomer since ATSDR do not distinguish between the two isomers.
6 ug day-1
Organisation Date Media Value Units Description Reference Web link
Joint Expert Committee on Food 14/04/2009 See WHO Guidelines for See WHO Guidelines See WHO See WHO Guidelines for DWQ
See WHO Guidelines for DWQ
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/1,2-
Additives (JECFA)
DWQ
for DWQ
Guidelines for
Dichloroethene.pdf
WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water
Quality
14/04/2009 Urban and suburban air -
Cis isomer
644 (Based on 20m3 x
32.2ug/m3)
ug/day
1,2 Dichloroethene (mixed isomers) recorded at mean
concentrations of 32.2ug/m3 within indoor air (Data source
unclear). Mean concentrations of the Cis isomer recorded in
the range 0.04-0.3ug/m3 in urban and industrial areas.
WHO (2003) 1,2-Dichloroethene in drinking-water. Background
document for preparation of WHO Guidelines for drinking-water quality.
Geneva, World Health Organization, (WHO/SDE/WSH/03.04/72)
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/1,2-
Dichloroethene.pdf
Dutch National Institute for Public
Health and the Environment (RIVM)
Maximum Permissible Risk (MPR)
Levels
14/04/2009 Urban and suburban air -
Cis isomer
0.27 ug/m3 Dutch data not available. Average air concentration of the Cis
isomer of 0.27ug/m3 recorded in urban and suburban air in US
study. RIVM estimated background exposure of 0.13ug/kgbw/day
for the mixed isomers via inhalation and oral intake.
RIVM Report 711701 025. Re-evaluation of human toxicological
maximum permissible risk levels A.J. Bars, R.M.C Theelan, P.J.C.M.
Janssen, J.M. Hesse, M.E. van Apeldoorn, M.C.M. Meijerink, L.Verdam,
M.J.Zeilmaker March 2001
http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/711701025.pdf
US Agency for Toxic Substances and
Disease Registry (ATSDR)
Toxicological Profiles and Minimal
Risk Levels
Toxicological Data Network
(TOXNET)
14/04/2009 Ambient air 6 ug/day
14/04/2009 Air 0.068-0.326 ppb ADI from air in HSDB Database
The general population (USA) estimated to be exposed to low Toxicological Profile for 1,2-Dichloroethene, ATSDR, 1996
levels of 1,2 dichloroethene (mixed isomers) through inhalation
in urban air (1-6ug/day)
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp87.pdf
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/
1) Shah JJ, Singh HB; Environ Sci Technol 22: 1381-1388 (1988) (2) EPA;
Volatile organic chemicals in the atmosphere: An assessment of available
data. Menlo Park, CA: SRI Int p. 198 (1982) EPA-600/3-83-027A
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EIC Proforma cis 1,2 dichloroethene.xls28/08/2009