How to identify Introductory Verbal Modifier? - englishbd.com

Grammatical Digital Success in English Rules & Techniques
2011 mv‡j †ev‡W©i cixÿvq Bs‡iwR‡Z †miv mvdj¨
mv¤úªwZK GK Rwi‡c †`Lv hvq †h, ÒwWwRUvj mvK‡mm& Bb BswjkÓ eBwU c‡o 2011 mv‡ji
GBP.Gm.wm. cixÿvq Bs‡iwR‡Z A+ †c‡q‡Q 65.5%, A †c‡q‡Q 33.3% Ges A- ‡c‡q‡Q
1.2% A_©vr eBwU c‡o wkÿv_©x‡`i mvdj¨ kZfvM (65.5% + 33.3% + 1.2% = 100%)|
Ab¨w`‡K, evRv‡i cÖPwjZ I cÖwZwôZ eB¸‡jv c‡o A+ wKsev A cvIqvi †iKW© 21% GiI Kg
Ges A‡bK †ÿ‡ÎB wkÿv_©xiv Bs‡iwR‡Z AK…ZKvh© nq|
“Pioneer Digital Publications” AZ¨šÍ Avb‡›`i mv‡_ Rvbv‡”Q †h, AwZ kxNªB evsjv‡`‡k
me©cÖ_g Bs‡iwR wel‡qi c~Y©v½ website Pvjy Ki‡Z hv‡”Q hv wkÿv_x©‡`i‡K Bs‡iwR‡Z A+
cvIqv‡bv mn Zv‡`i‡K AviI GK avc mvg‡b GwM‡q †b‡e ÒwWwRUvj evsjv‡`kÓ Movi j‡ÿ¨|
wkÿv_©xMY www.englishbd.com wj‡L search w`‡jB website-wU †c‡q hv‡eb| ZvQvov,
cieZ©x‡Z Bs‡iwRi Dci CD/DVD-I cvIqv hv‡e| eBwUi mxwgZ Kwc GLb bxj‡ÿ‡Z I
dvg©‡M‡U cvIqv hv‡”Q| MZ eQi eBwUi me Kwc †kl n‡q hvevi ci A‡bK wkÿK I kZ kZ
wkÿv_©x eva¨ n‡q wZb¸Y UvKvq d‡UvKwc Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡qwQ‡jv|
eB msMÖn Ki‡Z †hvMv‡hvM Kiæb:
Publisher / Writer:
Pioneer Digital Publications
Mobile: 01914743921, 01674924041, 01714453667
eBwU µ‡qi mgq mgvavb KwcwU ey‡S wbb|

Grammatical Digital Success in English Rules & Techniques
wKfv‡e Introductory Verbal Modifiers ‡Pbv hvq
Introductory Verbal Modifiers wK
Introductory Verbal Modifier ‡Kvb sentence-Gi main clause-Gi subject I verb-†K modify K‡i Ges cwiwPwZ
cÖ`vb K‡i| Introductory verbal modifier mvaviYZ †Kvb sentence-Gi ïiæ‡Z e‡m| cÖavbZ wZbwU Dcv‡q introductory
verbal modifiers MwVZ n‡q _v‡K| h_vt- 1. verb-Gi base form-Gi mv‡_ ing hy³ n‡q
2. g~j verb-Gi past participle form w`‡q Ges
3. infinitive form w`‡q|
Introductory verbal modifier-†K sentence-Gi main clause †_‡K c„_K Kivi Rb¨ introductory verbal modifier-
Gi c‡i GKwU Kgv (, ) e¨envi Kiv nq|
Rule 08:- Introductory verbal modifier-Gi Kgvi c‡i †h main clause-wU e¨eüZ nq †mB main clause-Gi
subject-wU introductory verbal modifier-Gi mv‡_ hyw³hy³fv‡e m¤ú„³ I m½wZc~Y© n‡Z n‡e| ZvB introductory verbal
modifier-Gi c‡ii main clause-wUi subject mvaviYZ personal subject (†hgb- he, she, we, I, you, they, Jennie,
Judai BZ¨vw`) nq| Introductory verbal modifier-Gi c‡i e¨eüZ main clause-wU KL‡bv passive form / passive
voice-Gi n‡Z cv‡i bv| †hgb-
Introductory verbal modifier + , + personal subject + active voice-Gi verb + ---------- +.
i) Incorrect: After graduating from Dhaka College, Peter’s studies were continued at IBA of Dhaka
University.
Correct: After graduating from Dhaka College, Peter continued his studies at IBA of Dhaka University.
ii) Incorrect: Having sold her hair, it was decided by Della that she would purchase a nice gift.
Correct: Having sold her hair, Della decided that she would purchase a nice gift.
iii) Incorrect: To protect ourselves from cold, warm clothes should be worn.
Correct: To protect ourselves from cold, we should wear warm clothes.
iv) Incorrect: Accustomed to getting up early, the new schedule was not difficult for him to adjust to.
Correct: Accustomed to getting up early, he had no difficulty adjusting to the new schedule.
v) Incorrect: After finishing her speech, the audience was invited to ask questions.
Correct: After finishing her speech, she invited the audience to ask questions.
vi) _____ send letters and parcels from the United States overseas, use Express Mail or DHL Delivery.
(Ans. To)
vii) To prepare for the MBA, _____ at least two hours study daily. ( Ans. we need )
viii) Having _____ his meal, John went to college. ( Ans. taken )