Fine Scale Meteorology & Air Quality Models - School of Architecture ...

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ASI2_Lecture 3_7/12/2011 Land Surface Modeling • Accounts for subgrid-scale sensible and latent fluxes • LSM becomes increasingly important: -More complex PBL schemes are sensitive to surface fluxes and cloud/cumulus schemes are sensitive to the PBL structures NWP models decrease their grid-spacing (1-km and sub 1-km). Need to capture mesoscale circulations forced by surface variability in albedo, soil moisture/temperature, landuse, and snow • Challenges: Tremendous land surface variability Complex land surface/hydrology processes Initialization of soil moisture & temperature WRF LSM provides surface energy flux - ground heat storage Q G - surface sensible heat flux Q H - surface latent heat flux Q E -upward longwave radiation Q lu Alternatively: -skin temperature and sfc emissivity -upward (reflected) shortwave radiation, Q S - surface albedo, including snow effect ASI 2: URBAN CLIMATE AND AIR POLLUTION School of Architecture, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 7-8 Dec 2011 Land Surface Options in WRF (5) • =1 sf_surface_physics: 5-layer thermal diffusion model, no prediction of soil moisture, snow, and vegetation. • =2 sf_surface_physics: Noah LSM (Unified ARW/NMM Version 3) • Vegetation effects • Predicts soil temperature and soil moisture in four layers and diagnoses skin temperature, • Predicts snow cover and canopy moisture, handles • Fractional snow cover and frozen soil • New time-varying snow albedo (in V3.1) • Noah is coupled with two Urban Canopy Model (UCM) options (sf_urban_physics, ARW only) =1 sf_urban_physics: single layer UCM (SLUCM) =2 sf_urban_physics: Multi-layer Building Environment Parameterization (BEP), Used with MYJ or BouLac to represent buildings higher than lowest model levels =3 sf_urban_physics: Building Energy Model (BEM). Works with BEP. • =3 sf_surface_physics: RUC LSM • • Vegetation effects included • • Predicts soil temperature and soil moisture in six layers • • Multi-layer snow model • =7 sf_surface_physics: Pleim-Xiu LSM (EPA) • • New in Version 3 • • Vegetation effects included • • Predicts soil temperature and soil moisture in two layers • • Simple snow-cover model • =88 sf_surface_physics: GFDL slab model. Simple land treatment ASI 2: URBAN CLIMATE AND AIR POLLUTION School of Architecture, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 7-8 Dec 2011 6
ASI2_Lecture 3_7/12/2011 Part 2b: Urban Modeling • Requirements for urban canopy PBL schemes • Gridded databases for canopy model formulations • Options in WRF are: SLUCM, BEP, BEP_BEM • Implementing NUDAPT in WRF ASI 2: URBAN CLIMATE AND AIR POLLUTION School of Architecture, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 7-8 Dec 2011 Melbourne Slide courtesy of Grimmond Chicago Modifed Oke 1997 Scales Chicago Gothenburg Scales BremenASI 2: URBAN CLIMATE AND AIR POLLUTION School of Architecture, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 7-8 Dec 2011 7
Page 1 and 2: ASI2_Lecture 3_7/12/2011 Croucher A
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Page 11 and 12: ASI2_Lecture 3_7/12/2011 HYPOTHESIS
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