The Problem of Mercury in Skin Whitening Creams - GAIA
The Problem of Mercury in Skin Whitening Creams - GAIA
The Problem of Mercury in Skin Whitening Creams - GAIA
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<strong>Mercury</strong> <strong>in</strong> Sk<strong>in</strong> Whiten<strong>in</strong>g <strong>Creams</strong><br />
1. Introduction to <strong>Mercury</strong><br />
<strong>Mercury</strong> is heavy metals that can be found naturally <strong>in</strong> the environment. <strong>Mercury</strong> is a chemical element<br />
that occurs <strong>in</strong> nature and can be found almost everywhere <strong>in</strong> the environment. <strong>Mercury</strong> is metal which<br />
is liquid at ord<strong>in</strong>ary temperature; <strong>in</strong> fact it is liquid at 298 Kelv<strong>in</strong>. <strong>Mercury</strong> is sometimes called quicksilver<br />
because <strong>of</strong> its silvery-white appearance. It is naturally occurr<strong>in</strong>g heavy, odorless, lustrous liquid metal found<br />
<strong>in</strong> three forms: metallic; <strong>in</strong>organic and organic. In terms <strong>of</strong> toxicity, organic form <strong>of</strong> mercury is more toxic<br />
than <strong>in</strong>organic form is more toxic than elemental form. <strong>The</strong>se days large numbers <strong>of</strong> light<strong>in</strong>g bulbs such as<br />
CFL and Tube light does uses <strong>of</strong> mercury <strong>in</strong> vapor forms. It is a rather poor conductor <strong>of</strong> heat if compared<br />
with other metals but it is a fair conductor <strong>of</strong> electricity. It alloys easily with many metals, such as gold,<br />
silver, and t<strong>in</strong>. <strong>The</strong>se alloys are called amalgams.<br />
In sk<strong>in</strong> whiten<strong>in</strong>g creams, mercury has been used by many names such as “mercurous chloride”, calomel,<br />
mercuric, mercurio or mercury as one can see <strong>in</strong> the labell<strong>in</strong>g however, most <strong>of</strong> the sk<strong>in</strong> whiten<strong>in</strong>g creams<br />
does not conta<strong>in</strong> any labell<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> mercury <strong>in</strong>gredients. Mercuric oxide is used <strong>in</strong> sk<strong>in</strong> o<strong>in</strong>tments. Vermilion,<br />
a red pigment, is mercuric sulphide; another crystall<strong>in</strong>e form <strong>of</strong> the sulphide (also used as a pigment) is<br />
black. <strong>Mercury</strong> fulm<strong>in</strong>ate, Hg (CNO) 2 , is used as a detonator.<br />
2. Use <strong>of</strong> <strong>Mercury</strong> <strong>in</strong> Sk<strong>in</strong> Whiten<strong>in</strong>g <strong>Creams</strong><br />
<strong>Mercury</strong> is a common <strong>in</strong>gredient found <strong>in</strong> sk<strong>in</strong> lighten<strong>in</strong>g soaps and creams. It is also found <strong>in</strong> other<br />
cosmetics, such as eye makeup cleans<strong>in</strong>g products and mascara. Sk<strong>in</strong> lighten<strong>in</strong>g soaps and creams are<br />
commonly used <strong>in</strong> certa<strong>in</strong> African and Asian nations. <strong>The</strong>y are also used among dark-sk<strong>in</strong>ned populations <strong>in</strong><br />
Europe and North America. <strong>Mercury</strong> salts <strong>in</strong>hibit the formation <strong>of</strong> melan<strong>in</strong>, result<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> a lighter sk<strong>in</strong> tone.<br />
<strong>Mercury</strong> <strong>in</strong> cosmetics exists <strong>in</strong> two forms: <strong>in</strong>organic and organic. Inorganic mercury (e.g. ammoniated<br />
mercury) is used <strong>in</strong> sk<strong>in</strong> lighten<strong>in</strong>g soaps and creams. Organic mercury compounds (thiomersal [ethyl<br />
mercury] and phenyl mercuric salts) are used as cosmetic preservatives <strong>in</strong> eye makeup cleans<strong>in</strong>g products<br />
and mascara. 1<br />
It is <strong>of</strong>ten difficult to dist<strong>in</strong>guish between the dozens <strong>of</strong> products on the market that all claim to be<br />
“miracle” sk<strong>in</strong> lighteners. Unfortunately, most products use <strong>in</strong>effective <strong>in</strong>gredients, concentrations that<br />
are too low to be useful or conta<strong>in</strong> potentially dangerous chemicals such as mercury. Some sk<strong>in</strong> whiten<strong>in</strong>g<br />
products conta<strong>in</strong> mercury (II) chloride as the active <strong>in</strong>gredient. <strong>The</strong> use <strong>of</strong> mercury <strong>in</strong> cosmetics is illegal <strong>in</strong><br />
the United States and European Union as it can lead to cases <strong>of</strong> mercury poison<strong>in</strong>g and banned by law. 2<br />
<strong>Mercury</strong> is used <strong>in</strong> sk<strong>in</strong> whiteners because the metal blocks production <strong>of</strong> melan<strong>in</strong>, which gives hair and<br />
sk<strong>in</strong> their pigmentation. Other chemicals can do the same th<strong>in</strong>g, but mercury is <strong>in</strong>expensive and effective.<br />
It’s also toxic. <strong>Mercury</strong> is rapidly absorbed through the sk<strong>in</strong> and can affect people neurologically. <strong>The</strong>y might<br />
experience blurred vision or trouble walk<strong>in</strong>g. Severe mercury poison<strong>in</strong>g can shut down organs and lead to<br />
death.<br />
High levels found as products ga<strong>in</strong> popularity worldwide. Some creams promis<strong>in</strong>g to lighten sk<strong>in</strong>, elim<strong>in</strong>ate<br />
age spots and zap freckles conta<strong>in</strong> high levels <strong>of</strong> mercury, a toxic metal that can cause severe health<br />
problems.<br />
1 MERCURY IN SKIN LIGHTENING PRODUCTS © World Health Organization 2011, http://<br />
www.who.<strong>in</strong>t/ipcs/assessment/public/mercury/en/<strong>in</strong>dex.html<br />
2 http://www.lantomi.com/en/how-lantomi-works<br />
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