the influence of different rootstocks on the growth, yield and fruit ...
the influence of different rootstocks on the growth, yield and fruit ...
the influence of different rootstocks on the growth, yield and fruit ...
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in West European countries well know vegetative propagated <str<strong>on</strong>g>rootstocks</str<strong>on</strong>g> comm<strong>on</strong>ly<br />
used in commercial orchards. Am<strong>on</strong>g <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>m <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>re are types <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> French, German <strong>and</strong><br />
English selecti<strong>on</strong>.<br />
Materials <strong>and</strong> methods. In field experiment plum trees <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> cv. ‘Dàbrowice<br />
Prune’ grafted <strong>on</strong> seedlings <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> ‘Wangenheim Prune’ <strong>and</strong> four vegetative propagated<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>rootstocks</str<strong>on</strong>g> (Jaspi, GF 655/2, Ishtara <strong>and</strong> St. Julien A) were compared with trees <strong>on</strong><br />
P. divaricata seedlings. In <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> spring <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> 2000 <strong>on</strong>e-year-old trees were planted at <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
“Pomological Orchard” in Skierniewice. Trees were planted in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> soil used before<br />
for <strong>fruit</strong> tree crops for at least 50 years. Cherry, apple <strong>and</strong> plum trees were cultivated<br />
previously <strong>on</strong> this field. The trees were planted in light loamy soil at a spacing <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
4.25 x 2.5 m. Experiment was established in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> r<strong>and</strong>om blocks design with four<br />
replicati<strong>on</strong>s, with three trees per plot. The total number <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> 12 trees in each rootstock/<br />
cultivar combinati<strong>on</strong> was investigated. Plum orchard was irrigated. During <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> first<br />
year after planting <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> soil was kept free from weeds by mechanical cultivati<strong>on</strong>. In<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> following years soil management included frequent grass mowing in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> alleyways<br />
in c<strong>on</strong>juncti<strong>on</strong> with <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> maintenance <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> less than 1-m wide herbicide strips al<strong>on</strong>g <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
tree rows. Herbicides <strong>and</strong> fertilizers were applied according to <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> st<strong>and</strong>ard<br />
recommendati<strong>on</strong> for plum commercial orchards. Trees were trained as free spindles<br />
with a central leader. The following traits were evaluated: tree vigor, <strong>yield</strong>, <strong>fruit</strong><br />
weight <strong>and</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> soluble solids. The results <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> obtained data were statistically analyzed<br />
<strong>and</strong> Duncan’s multiple range t-tests at <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> probability level <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> 5% was used to separate<br />
statistically <str<strong>on</strong>g>different</str<strong>on</strong>g> means.<br />
Results. The results revealed that <strong>on</strong>ly seedlings Wangenheim Prune reduced<br />
significantly <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>growth</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> plum trees ‘Dàbrowice Prune’ in comparis<strong>on</strong> to<br />
P. divaricata (Table). The decrease <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> tree grow <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> this cultivar was <str<strong>on</strong>g>influence</str<strong>on</strong>g>d also<br />
by GF 655/2 <strong>and</strong> St.Julien A <str<strong>on</strong>g>rootstocks</str<strong>on</strong>g>. Trees grafted <strong>on</strong> Ishtara grew very vigorously.<br />
Cumulative <strong>yield</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> ‘Dàbrowice Prune’ was not affected by <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> type <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>rootstocks</str<strong>on</strong>g>, except <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> ‘Wangenheim Prune’ seedlings. The trees grafted <strong>on</strong> seedlings<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Wangenheim Prune had significantly lower <strong>yield</strong> than <strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> o<str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>r tested <str<strong>on</strong>g>rootstocks</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
grown in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> same c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong>s.<br />
Yield efficiency was similar for all <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>se trees. Differences am<strong>on</strong>g <str<strong>on</strong>g>rootstocks</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
were not significant. Plum trees ‘Dàbrowice Prune’ grafted <strong>on</strong> Jaspi <strong>and</strong> Ishtara<br />
produced larger <strong>fruit</strong>s than trees grafted <strong>on</strong> P. cerasifera var. divaricata. The highest<br />
c<strong>on</strong>tent <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> soluble solids was established in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>fruit</strong>s collected from <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> trees grafted<br />
<strong>on</strong> St. Julien A.<br />
Discussi<strong>on</strong>. Seedlings <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> ‘Wangenheim Prune’ used as a rootstock in this trial<br />
significantly reduced <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>growth</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>fruit</strong> tree cv. ‘Dàbrowice Prune’. This corresp<strong>on</strong>ds<br />
to results obtained by o<str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>r authors (Grzyb et al., 1998b; Grzyb <strong>and</strong> Sitarek, 2004;<br />
Sitarek et al., 2004). However, <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> scale <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>growth</strong> reducti<strong>on</strong> intensity was relatively<br />
too big <strong>and</strong> not corresp<strong>on</strong>ded to data obtained with this rootstock located in o<str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>r<br />
places (Grzyb <strong>and</strong> Rozpara, 1998; Rozpara <strong>and</strong> Grzyb, 1998; Sitarek et al., 2001;<br />
Sitarek et al., 2004). It seemed to be as c<strong>on</strong>secutive effect <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> exhausted soil, because<br />
cherry, apple <strong>and</strong> plum trees were cultivated previously <strong>on</strong> this field (Pacholak, 2003a;<br />
Pacholak, 2003 b; Grzyb <strong>and</strong> Sitarek, 2004). Such problem in this scale was not<br />
observed with trees grafted <strong>on</strong> o<str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>r investigated <str<strong>on</strong>g>rootstocks</str<strong>on</strong>g>. In this locati<strong>on</strong> plum<br />
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