Papel de las actividades superóxido dismutasa y catalasa en la ...

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Abstract The potential effect of extracellular polysaccharide fraction of the red microalga Porphyridium cruentum on respiratory burst activity of sole phagocytes was evaluated. In vitro assays were carried out and no immunostimulatory effects were obtained. In in vivo assays, fish were intraperitoneally injected with 500 μg of polysaccharide fraction and sampled after 24 h and 7 days. These fish were divided in two groups, immunized and not immunized with a bacterin against Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida. The results obtained from in vivo assays did not show increase on respiratory burst, on the contrary, the only significant differences were obtained from sole inoculated with polysaccharidic fraction or with bacterin, both of them showed a decrease on respiratory burst, 24 h post-inoculation. Keywords: Porphyridium cruentum; Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida; Polysaccharides; Immunostimulants; Respiratory burst; Phagocytes; Sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup 1858). 2
1. Introduction Solea senegalensis (Kaup, 1858) is one of the new candidate species for aquaculture in the Portuguese and Spanish coasts [1]. One of the main limiting factors in its production is pseudotuberculosis, due to the bacterial pathogen Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida [2-4]. There are several means of protection against this microorganism, including antibiotherapy, although the use of antibiotics leads to the appearance of resistant strains [5]. Vaccination is another option which has been demonstrated effective protection against pseudotuberculosis in sole [4]. Since immunostimulants mainly facilitate the function of phagocytic cells and increase their bactericidal activities, it may be possible that immunostimulants administration to fish increase the respiratory burst activity of the phagocytes and enhance the protection against pseudotuberculosis. Several authors have reported that P. damselae subsp. piscicida has the ability to survive as an intracellular pathogen [6-10]. The search for new immunostimulant agents is mainly due to the great development of fish farming and the stress situations and diseases, which arise from intensive culture [11]. Several polysaccharides, such as chitin, chitosan and β-glucans obtained from crustaceans and yeasts have been used in fish and shellfish as immunostimulants [11- 18]. Due to their content in polysaccharides, algae could be an alternative source to obtain polysaccharides easily. Polysaccharides from Spirulina platensis and Chlorella have been demonstrated their immunomodulating capacity in mammalian models [19- 21]. However, few studies have been focused on the immunostimulant properties of algal polysaccharides in farmed fish [22, 23, 24]. The red microalga Porphyridium cruentum excrete a sulphurized polysaccharide, commercially used in the industry as thickener, stabilizer and emulsifier for its gelling properties [25-28]. This polysaccharide is an acidic heteropolymer composed of xylose, glucose, galactose and sulphate esters [29]. In a previous study, Morris et al. [30] suggested a possible stimulation of the metabolic and functional action of phagocytic cells of Balb/c mice after an intraperitoneal administration of polysaccharides isolated from cultures of P. cruentum in stationary phase. 3
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FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DEPARTAMENTO D
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Los ensayos que constituyen esta Te
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- Díaz-Rosales, P, Arijo, S, Chabr
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Sabe esperar, aguarda que la marea
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ÍNDICE / INDEX Papel de las activi
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ÍNDICE / INDEX 2. Photobacterium d
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RESUMEN Photobacterium damselae sub
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INTRODUCCIÓN 1. LA ACUICULTURA. EL
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INTRODUCCIÓN saxatilis) (Hawke et
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INTRODUCCIÓN 2.2. SINTOMATOLOGÍA
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INTRODUCCIÓN las epidemias surgida
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INTRODUCCIÓN et al., 1997). En P.
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INTRODUCCIÓN 3.1. ESTALLIDO RESPIR
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INTRODUCCIÓN radicales generados e
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INTRODUCCIÓN Tabla 2 Ejemplos de m
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INTRODUCCIÓN de parasitismo en el
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INTRODUCCIÓN razón de la búsqued
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INTRODUCCIÓN araquidónico, están
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INTRODUCCIÓN simplificar la admini
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INTRODUCCIÓN sino también cuando
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INTRODUCCIÓN La necesidad de mejor
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OBJETIVOS El trabajo planteado en e
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MATERIA L Y MÉTODOS La metodologí
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RESULTADO S Y DISCUSIÓN El primer
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RESULTADO S Y DISCUSIÓN 1996; Lync
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RESULTADO S Y DISCUSIÓN Una vez de
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RESULTADO S Y DISCUSIÓN inmunoesti
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RESULTADO S Y DISCUSIÓN cruentum s
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RESULTADO S Y DISCUSIÓN permiten c
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RESULTADO S Y DISCUSIÓN harían fa
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CONCLUSIONES Tras los estudios real
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ABSTRACT Photobacterium damselae su
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INTRODUCTION 1. AQUACULTURE. THE CU
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INTRODUCTION With regard to Solea s
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INTRODUCTION 3.1. RESPIRATORY BURST
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INTRODUCTION Some catalases have al
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INTRODUCTION pathogens, study of th
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INTRODUCTION increase their bacteri
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INTRODUCTION 4.3.1. Porphyridium cr
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INTRODUCTION Different mechanisms h
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A I M S
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M A T E R I A L S A N D M E T H O D
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R E S U L T S A N D D I S C U S S I
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION resist 100 m
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION present work
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION reason, once
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION great number
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION dominant spe
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CONCLUSIONS Studies carried out on
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R R E F E R E N C I A S E F E R E N
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REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Aoki, T,
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REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Bell, MV,
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REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Dalmo, RA
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REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Hamaguchi
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REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Kono, Y &
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REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Magariño
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REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Ortuño,
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REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Salinas,
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REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Thompson,
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S E C C I Ó N D E A R T Í C U L O
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A RTÍCULO 1.1. A RTICLE 1.1.
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Journal of Fish Diseases 2003, 26,
Page 164 and 165: Journal of Fish Diseases 2003, 26,
Page 177: A RTÍCULO 2.1. A RTICLE 2.1.
Page 180 and 181: Abstract The stimulatory effect of
Page 182 and 183: alga Porphyridium cruentum. For thi
Page 184 and 185: Feeding assays were carried out wit
Page 186 and 187: (10 8 bacterias ml -1 ) and used to
Page 188 and 189: are in agreement with the data repo
Page 190 and 191: unvaccinated fish. However, the ser
Page 192 and 193: immune response of gilthead seabrea
Page 194 and 195: [27] Duncan, PL and Klesius, PH. Ef
Page 196 and 197: (Macrogard) and alginic acid (Ergos
Page 198 and 199: [66] Salinas, I, Díaz-Rosales, P,
Page 201: Figure 1a 3 2.5 Stimulation index 2
Page 205: Figure 1c Stimulation index 3 2.5 2
Page 209: Figure 2b Stimulation index 3 2.5 2
Page 213: Effect of the extracellular polysac
Page 217 and 218: On the other hand, β-1,3-glucan fr
Page 219 and 220: eaction was tested by adding supero
Page 221 and 222: Intraperitoneal inoculation of the
Page 223 and 224: defense mechanisms and protective i
Page 225: phagocytes from sole (Solea senegal
Page 229: Figure 1a Stimulation index 3 2.5 2
Page 233: Figure 2 Stimulation index 1.4 1.2
Page 237 and 238: Effect of dietary administration of
Page 239 and 240: 1. Introduction Senegalese sole cul
Page 241 and 242: 2.2. Fish and experimental design S
Page 243 and 244: 2.5. Challenge with Photobacterium
Page 245 and 246: the densitometric curves of the pro
Page 247 and 248: most efficient probiotics for aquac
Page 249 and 250: acterial diversity only the dominan
Page 251 and 252: [9] Verschuere, L, Rombaut, G, Sorg
Page 253 and 254: [28] Burr, G, Gathin, D and Ricke,
Page 255 and 256: WB, editors. Techniques in Fish Imm
Page 257: and host-specific communities of ac
Page 261: Table 1 Primer Sequence (5’-3’)
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Figure 1b Stimulation index 2.5 2 1
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Table 2 Primer Control Pdp11 Pdp13
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Figure 3 Pearson correlation [0.0%-
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que perdieras parte de tu tiempo en
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