Papel de las actividades superóxido dismutasa y catalasa en la ...

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unvaccinated fish. However, the serum agglutinating antibody titers of vaccinated fish did not show a significant increase compared to control groups, and vaccinated fish treated with EF203 showed slightly increased survival in comparison with the other groups following R. salmoninarum challenge. The adjuvant effects of yeast glucan have also been demonstrated. Injection of the A. salmonicida vaccine and yeast glucan in Atlantic salmon enhanced antibody responses [56] and induced significantly increased protection against furunculosis over vaccines without yeast glucan [57]. The injection of yeast glucan alone did not afford protection. Baulny et al. [58] reported that oral administration of yeast glucan to turbot immersed in the V. anguillarum bacterin also increased protection compared to the bacterin alone, but similar to the results obtained in this work with β-glucan from Euglena gracilis, yeast glucan alone did not enhance protection against V. anguillarum infection. P. cruentum has advantages in its culture, such as fast growth and low cost. This makes it easier to work with at known concentration, compared with using soluble substances such as vitamins, which exist as micronutrients in feed and are very sensitive to different factors (light, humidity, temperature). On the other hand P. cruentum could be a natural immunostimulant, which is biocompatible, biodegradable and safe for the environment and human health. In this way, these algae could be included in the groups of different whole microorganisms, alive or not, such as yeast [8, 53], fungi [59] and bacteria [60-62] which increase disease resistance in mammals and fish. In fish, as in other aquatic organisms, the whole microorganisms administered have been mainly bacterial species, such as probiotics [60-66], but algae can represent another promising alternative [18, 25], although studies about whole algae are still very scarce. In conclusion, this study provides a description of the stimulation of the respiratory burst activity of phagocytes from sole vaccinated with a bacterin against P. damselae subsp. piscicida and fed with cells from P. cruentum. Acknowledgements This study has been supported by a grant from the Spanish Government (AGL2002-01488). P. Díaz-Rosales thanks the Ministerio Español de Educación y 12
Ciencia for a F.P.U. scholarship. The authors thank the PROMAN (Promotora Alpujarreña de Negocios, S.L., Motril, Granada, Spain) fishery for its help and participation in this study; J.M. León-Rubio for his help in fish diet preparation and Tracey Coffey for her help in the English revision of the manuscript. 5. References [1] Dinis, MT, Ribeiro, L, Soares, F and Sarasquete, C. A review on the cultivation potential of Solea senegalensis in Spain and in Portugal. Aquaculture 1999; 176: 27-38. [2] Austin, B and Austin, DA. Bacterial fish pathogens: disease of farmed and wild fish. 3 rd ed. Godalming: Springer-Praxis; 1999. [3] Arijo, S, Chabrillón, M, Díaz-Rosales, P, Rico, RM, Martínez-Manzanares, E, Balebona, MC, Toranzo, AE and Moriñigo, MA. Bacteria isolated from outbreaks affecting cultured sole, Solea senegalensis (Kaup). Bulletin of European Association of Fish Pathologists 2005; 25: 148-54. [4] Miranda, CD and Zemelman, R. Antibiotic resistant bacteria in fish from the Concepcion Bay, Chile. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2001; 42: 1096-102. [5] Radu, S, Ahmad, N, Ling, FH and Reeza, A. Prevalence and resistance to antibiotics for Aeromonas species from retail fish in Malaysia. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2003; 81: 261-6. [6] Zorrilla, I, Chabrillón, M, Arijo, S, Díaz-Rosales, P, Martínez-Manzanares, E, Balebona, MC and Moriñigo, MA. Bacteria recovered from diseased cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) in southwestern Spain. Aquaculture 2003; 218: 11-20. [7] Esteban, MA, Cuesta, A, Ortuño, J and Meseguer, J. Immunomodulatory effects of dietary intake of chitin on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) innate immune system. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 2001; 11: 303-15. [8] Ortuño, J, Cuesta, A, Rodríguez, A, Esteban, MA and Meseguer, J. Oral administration of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, enhances the cellular innate 13
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FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DEPARTAMENTO D
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Los ensayos que constituyen esta Te
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- Díaz-Rosales, P, Arijo, S, Chabr
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Sabe esperar, aguarda que la marea
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ÍNDICE / INDEX Papel de las activi
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ÍNDICE / INDEX 2. Photobacterium d
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RESUMEN Photobacterium damselae sub
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INTRODUCCIÓN 1. LA ACUICULTURA. EL
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INTRODUCCIÓN saxatilis) (Hawke et
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INTRODUCCIÓN 2.2. SINTOMATOLOGÍA
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INTRODUCCIÓN las epidemias surgida
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INTRODUCCIÓN et al., 1997). En P.
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INTRODUCCIÓN 3.1. ESTALLIDO RESPIR
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INTRODUCCIÓN radicales generados e
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INTRODUCCIÓN Tabla 2 Ejemplos de m
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INTRODUCCIÓN de parasitismo en el
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INTRODUCCIÓN razón de la búsqued
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INTRODUCCIÓN araquidónico, están
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INTRODUCCIÓN simplificar la admini
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INTRODUCCIÓN sino también cuando
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INTRODUCCIÓN La necesidad de mejor
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OBJETIVOS El trabajo planteado en e
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MATERIA L Y MÉTODOS La metodologí
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RESULTADO S Y DISCUSIÓN El primer
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RESULTADO S Y DISCUSIÓN 1996; Lync
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RESULTADO S Y DISCUSIÓN Una vez de
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RESULTADO S Y DISCUSIÓN inmunoesti
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RESULTADO S Y DISCUSIÓN cruentum s
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RESULTADO S Y DISCUSIÓN permiten c
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RESULTADO S Y DISCUSIÓN harían fa
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CONCLUSIONES Tras los estudios real
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ABSTRACT Photobacterium damselae su
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INTRODUCTION 1. AQUACULTURE. THE CU
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INTRODUCTION With regard to Solea s
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INTRODUCTION 3.1. RESPIRATORY BURST
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INTRODUCTION Some catalases have al
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INTRODUCTION pathogens, study of th
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INTRODUCTION increase their bacteri
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INTRODUCTION 4.3.1. Porphyridium cr
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INTRODUCTION Different mechanisms h
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A I M S
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M A T E R I A L S A N D M E T H O D
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R E S U L T S A N D D I S C U S S I
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION resist 100 m
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION present work
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION reason, once
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION great number
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION dominant spe
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CONCLUSIONS Studies carried out on
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R R E F E R E N C I A S E F E R E N
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REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Aoki, T,
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REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Bell, MV,
Page 140 and 141: REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Dalmo, RA
Page 142 and 143: REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Hamaguchi
Page 144 and 145: REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Kono, Y &
Page 146 and 147: REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Magariño
Page 148 and 149: REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Ortuño,
Page 150 and 151: REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Salinas,
Page 152 and 153: REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Thompson,
Page 155: S E C C I Ó N D E A R T Í C U L O
Page 159: A RTÍCULO 1.1. A RTICLE 1.1.
Page 162 and 163: Journal of Fish Diseases 2003, 26,
Page 177: A RTÍCULO 2.1. A RTICLE 2.1.
Page 180 and 181: Abstract The stimulatory effect of
Page 182 and 183: alga Porphyridium cruentum. For thi
Page 184 and 185: Feeding assays were carried out wit
Page 186 and 187: (10 8 bacterias ml -1 ) and used to
Page 188 and 189: are in agreement with the data repo
Page 192 and 193: immune response of gilthead seabrea
Page 194 and 195: [27] Duncan, PL and Klesius, PH. Ef
Page 196 and 197: (Macrogard) and alginic acid (Ergos
Page 198 and 199: [66] Salinas, I, Díaz-Rosales, P,
Page 201: Figure 1a 3 2.5 Stimulation index 2
Page 205: Figure 1c Stimulation index 3 2.5 2
Page 209: Figure 2b Stimulation index 3 2.5 2
Page 213 and 214: Effect of the extracellular polysac
Page 215 and 216: 1. Introduction Solea senegalensis
Page 217 and 218: On the other hand, β-1,3-glucan fr
Page 219 and 220: eaction was tested by adding supero
Page 221 and 222: Intraperitoneal inoculation of the
Page 223 and 224: defense mechanisms and protective i
Page 225: phagocytes from sole (Solea senegal
Page 229: Figure 1a Stimulation index 3 2.5 2
Page 233: Figure 2 Stimulation index 1.4 1.2
Page 237 and 238: Effect of dietary administration of
Page 239 and 240: 1. Introduction Senegalese sole cul
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2.2. Fish and experimental design S
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2.5. Challenge with Photobacterium
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the densitometric curves of the pro
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most efficient probiotics for aquac
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acterial diversity only the dominan
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[9] Verschuere, L, Rombaut, G, Sorg
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[28] Burr, G, Gathin, D and Ricke,
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WB, editors. Techniques in Fish Imm
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and host-specific communities of ac
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Table 1 Primer Sequence (5’-3’)
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Figure 1b Stimulation index 2.5 2 1
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Table 2 Primer Control Pdp11 Pdp13
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Figure 3 Pearson correlation [0.0%-
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que perdieras parte de tu tiempo en
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