Papel de las actividades superóxido dismutasa y catalasa en la ...

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Abstract The stimulatory effect of the red microalga Porphyridium cruentum on respiratory burst activity of sole phagocytes was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Sole phagocytes incubated in vitro with aqueous and ethanolic extracts (10, 5, 2 and 1 mg ml - 1 ) isolated from P. cruentum did not show increased superoxide anion production. By contrast, incubation of phagocytes with β-glucan from Euglena gracilis (10 mg ml -1 ) increased respiratory burst activity. However, oral administration of a diet supplemented with lyophilized P. cruentum cells (10 g kg -1 ) stimulated respiratory burst activity after 4 weeks feeding only in sole vaccinated with Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida bacterin. Results obtained are discussed in terms of the usefulness of the administration route of immunostimulant and synergistic effect with a vaccine. Keywords: Immunostimulants; Porphyridium cruentum; Respiratory burst; Phagocytes; Sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup 1858); Teleosts. 2
1. Introduction Fish aquaculture is an expanding industry worldwide. Marine aquaculture in southern Europe has focused on species such as gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata, L.) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.). However, the diversification of the species farmed is required and Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup) is a species with a high economic value, which is farmed in Portugal and Spain [1]. Diseases of bacterial origin constitute the most significant cause of economic losses suffered in the aquaculture industry [2]. The most frequently isolated pathogen from outbreaks detected in farmed Senegalese sole is Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, which is responsible for high mortalities in cultured fish [3]. Antibiotic treatment of bacterial diseases affecting farmed fish has been applied for many years. However, the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria is limiting the usefulness of these substances [4-6] and therefore, several alternative strategies to the use of antimicrobials have been proposed, including the use of immunostimulants which represent a promising tool in aquaculture. Indeed, many authors have reported that the injection of immunostimulants, such as glucans, enhances the function of leucocytes and protection against pathogens [7-10]. Several authors have observed that P. damselae subsp. piscicida is highly susceptible to oxidative radicals generated during the macrophage respiratory burst [11, 12]. However, other authors have reported the presence of intact cells of this pathogen inside fish cells, suggesting the ability of the bacterium to survive as an intracellular pathogen [13-17]. For this reason, the stimulation of the respiratory burst activity of the phagocytes of Senegalese sole could facilitate a more effective destruction of P. damselae subsp. piscicida. Marine organisms constitute a potential alternative source of substances for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases [18]. In this connection, algae have been studied as dietary ingredients for fish nutrition [19] and as a source of bioactive compounds such as pharmaceutical [20, 21] and immunostimulant [22-25] agents. Several authors [26] have suggested a possible stimulation of the metabolic and functional action of phagocytic system cells from Balb/c mice after intraperitoneal administration of polysaccharides isolated from cultures in the stationary phase of red 3
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FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DEPARTAMENTO D
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Los ensayos que constituyen esta Te
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- Díaz-Rosales, P, Arijo, S, Chabr
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Sabe esperar, aguarda que la marea
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ÍNDICE / INDEX Papel de las activi
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ÍNDICE / INDEX 2. Photobacterium d
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RESUMEN Photobacterium damselae sub
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INTRODUCCIÓN 1. LA ACUICULTURA. EL
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INTRODUCCIÓN saxatilis) (Hawke et
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INTRODUCCIÓN 2.2. SINTOMATOLOGÍA
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INTRODUCCIÓN las epidemias surgida
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INTRODUCCIÓN et al., 1997). En P.
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INTRODUCCIÓN 3.1. ESTALLIDO RESPIR
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INTRODUCCIÓN radicales generados e
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INTRODUCCIÓN Tabla 2 Ejemplos de m
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INTRODUCCIÓN de parasitismo en el
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INTRODUCCIÓN razón de la búsqued
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INTRODUCCIÓN araquidónico, están
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INTRODUCCIÓN simplificar la admini
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INTRODUCCIÓN sino también cuando
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INTRODUCCIÓN La necesidad de mejor
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OBJETIVOS El trabajo planteado en e
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MATERIA L Y MÉTODOS La metodologí
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RESULTADO S Y DISCUSIÓN El primer
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RESULTADO S Y DISCUSIÓN 1996; Lync
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RESULTADO S Y DISCUSIÓN Una vez de
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RESULTADO S Y DISCUSIÓN inmunoesti
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RESULTADO S Y DISCUSIÓN cruentum s
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RESULTADO S Y DISCUSIÓN permiten c
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RESULTADO S Y DISCUSIÓN harían fa
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CONCLUSIONES Tras los estudios real
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ABSTRACT Photobacterium damselae su
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INTRODUCTION 1. AQUACULTURE. THE CU
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INTRODUCTION With regard to Solea s
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INTRODUCTION 3.1. RESPIRATORY BURST
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INTRODUCTION Some catalases have al
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INTRODUCTION pathogens, study of th
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INTRODUCTION increase their bacteri
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INTRODUCTION 4.3.1. Porphyridium cr
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INTRODUCTION Different mechanisms h
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A I M S
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M A T E R I A L S A N D M E T H O D
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R E S U L T S A N D D I S C U S S I
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION resist 100 m
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION present work
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION reason, once
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION great number
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION dominant spe
Page 131 and 132: CONCLUSIONS Studies carried out on
Page 133: R R E F E R E N C I A S E F E R E N
Page 136 and 137: REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Aoki, T,
Page 138 and 139: REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Bell, MV,
Page 140 and 141: REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Dalmo, RA
Page 142 and 143: REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Hamaguchi
Page 144 and 145: REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Kono, Y &
Page 146 and 147: REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Magariño
Page 148 and 149: REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Ortuño,
Page 150 and 151: REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Salinas,
Page 152 and 153: REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Thompson,
Page 155: S E C C I Ó N D E A R T Í C U L O
Page 159: A RTÍCULO 1.1. A RTICLE 1.1.
Page 162 and 163: Journal of Fish Diseases 2003, 26,
Page 177: A RTÍCULO 2.1. A RTICLE 2.1.
Page 182 and 183: alga Porphyridium cruentum. For thi
Page 184 and 185: Feeding assays were carried out wit
Page 186 and 187: (10 8 bacterias ml -1 ) and used to
Page 188 and 189: are in agreement with the data repo
Page 190 and 191: unvaccinated fish. However, the ser
Page 192 and 193: immune response of gilthead seabrea
Page 194 and 195: [27] Duncan, PL and Klesius, PH. Ef
Page 196 and 197: (Macrogard) and alginic acid (Ergos
Page 198 and 199: [66] Salinas, I, Díaz-Rosales, P,
Page 201: Figure 1a 3 2.5 Stimulation index 2
Page 205: Figure 1c Stimulation index 3 2.5 2
Page 209: Figure 2b Stimulation index 3 2.5 2
Page 213 and 214: Effect of the extracellular polysac
Page 215 and 216: 1. Introduction Solea senegalensis
Page 217 and 218: On the other hand, β-1,3-glucan fr
Page 219 and 220: eaction was tested by adding supero
Page 221 and 222: Intraperitoneal inoculation of the
Page 223 and 224: defense mechanisms and protective i
Page 225: phagocytes from sole (Solea senegal
Page 229: Figure 1a Stimulation index 3 2.5 2
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Figure 2 Stimulation index 1.4 1.2
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Effect of dietary administration of
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1. Introduction Senegalese sole cul
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2.2. Fish and experimental design S
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2.5. Challenge with Photobacterium
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the densitometric curves of the pro
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most efficient probiotics for aquac
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acterial diversity only the dominan
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[9] Verschuere, L, Rombaut, G, Sorg
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[28] Burr, G, Gathin, D and Ricke,
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WB, editors. Techniques in Fish Imm
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and host-specific communities of ac
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Table 1 Primer Sequence (5’-3’)
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Figure 1b Stimulation index 2.5 2 1
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Table 2 Primer Control Pdp11 Pdp13
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Figure 3 Pearson correlation [0.0%-
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que perdieras parte de tu tiempo en
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