Papel de las actividades superóxido dismutasa y catalasa en la ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION great number of works point out the immunostimulant capacity of polysaccharides in fish, increasing serum lysozyme, complement, cytotoxic or phagocytic activities (Santarém et al., 1997; Esteban et al., 2001; Chang et al., 2003; Bagni et al., 2005; Kumari and Sahoo, 2006). Results obtained after oral administration of potential probiotic bacteria are included in article 2.3. (Article section). In this work, the respiratory burst activity was evaluated and, in order to determine the protection degree that probiotics could provide, a challenge with P. damselae subsp. piscicida was carried out. On the other hand, intestinal microbiota of fish fed with probiotics was studied in order to detect possible changes due to feeding treatment. The selected bacterial strains, Pdp11 and Pdp13, isolated from gilthead seabream skin (Chabrillón, 2003), belong to Alteromonadaceae family, Shewanella genus. Although this is the first assay in vivo with strain Pdp13, several works have been carried out previously with strain Pdp11. Thus, Chabrillón et al. (2005a) studied interactions with the pathogen Vibrio harveyi, showing Pdp11 capacity to adhere to gilthead seabream intestinal mucus, the antagonist effect against a pathogenic strain of V. harveyi, the capacity to inhibit the pathogen union and confer protection against an experimental infection. With regard to interactions between strain Pdp11 and P. damselae subsp. piscicida, Chabrillón et al. (2005b) demonstrated the antagonistic effect of Pdp11 against one strain of P. damselae subsp. piscicida and the inhibition of the adhesion to intestinal mucus of this pathogen. These results lead the authors to consider the Pdp11 strain as a good candidate to be used as probiotic. In the present work, it has been observed that superoxide anion production is significantly increased in fish fed with strain Pdp11 after two months from the beginning of the feeding trial, but fish fed with strain Pdp13 do not show modify phagocyte respiratory burst. However, fish fed with strain Pdp13 showed higher survival percentages after inoculation of the pathogen P. damselae subsp. piscicida. Although there are numerous works in which respiratory burst activity induction by probiotics is demonstrated (Nikoskelainen et al., 2003; Gullian et al., 2004; Aubin et al., 2005; Brunt and Austin, 2005) the fact that potential probiotic strain Pdp13 does not 104
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION increase superoxide anion production, does not mean that this bacterial strains cannot stimulate another immunological parameter. In fact, survival rates, after experimental infection, increased in fish fed with strain Pdp13. Several authors have shown that probiotics may stimulate different immunological parameters, such as phagocytic activity (Irianto and Austin, 2003; Panigrahi et al., 2004; Brunt and Austin, 2005; Salinas et al., 2005; Díaz-Rosales et al., 2006), complement activity (Panigrahi et al., 2004; Díaz- Rosales et al., 2006), lysozyme activity (Irianto and Austin, 2003; Panigrahi et al., 2004) or cytotoxic activity (Salinas et al., 2005; Díaz-Rosales et al., 2006). Moreover, effects of probiotics have been described on specific immune response, increasing serum immunoglobulins levels (Nikoskelainen et al., 2003; Aubin et al., 2005). For these reasons, strain Pdp13 can be considered as a probiotic also, although evaluation of other immunological parameters would be necessary. On the other hand, probiotic bacteria have to be administered at optimal doses, depending on fish size and bacterial strain (Nikoskelainen et al., 2003), for this reason Pdp11 effect is different to Pdp13 and the results obtained with Pdp11 and sole are different to results previously obtained with Pdp11 and gilthead seabream (Díaz-Rosales et al., 2006). Finally, apart from the immunological effects of probiotics in sole immune response, possible changes in intestinal microbiota due to probiotics were evaluated. In spite of the great number of published works concerning microbial communities in fish (Spanggaard et al., 2000; Holben et al., 2002; Sandaa et al., 2003; Al-Harbi and Naim Uddin, 2004; Hjelm et al., 2004; Huber et al., 2004; Jensen et al., 2004), none of them try to evaluate possible shifts in microbiota after probiotic administration. In this work DGGE, Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis, (Muyzer et al., 1993), was used to study the intestinal microbiota of soles fed with probiotics. Two sets of primers were evaluated (Nübel et al., 1996; Jensen et al., 2004). Primers described by Nübel et al. (1996) being selected as the best to study of bacterial communities in the present work after analysis of banding pattern by Pearson coefficient. The band pattern obtained was very simple, with few predominant bands, results alike those described by Muyzer et al. (1993), who reported that communities with a few 105
Page 1:
FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DEPARTAMENTO D
Page 5:
FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DEPARTAMENTO D
Page 9 and 10:
Los ensayos que constituyen esta Te
Page 11:
- Díaz-Rosales, P, Arijo, S, Chabr
Page 15:
Sabe esperar, aguarda que la marea
Page 19 and 20:
ÍNDICE / INDEX Papel de las activi
Page 21:
ÍNDICE / INDEX 2. Photobacterium d
Page 25:
RESUMEN Photobacterium damselae sub
Page 29 and 30:
INTRODUCCIÓN 1. LA ACUICULTURA. EL
Page 31 and 32:
INTRODUCCIÓN saxatilis) (Hawke et
Page 33 and 34:
INTRODUCCIÓN 2.2. SINTOMATOLOGÍA
Page 35 and 36:
INTRODUCCIÓN las epidemias surgida
Page 37 and 38:
INTRODUCCIÓN et al., 1997). En P.
Page 39 and 40:
INTRODUCCIÓN 3.1. ESTALLIDO RESPIR
Page 41 and 42:
INTRODUCCIÓN radicales generados e
Page 43 and 44:
INTRODUCCIÓN Tabla 2 Ejemplos de m
Page 45 and 46:
INTRODUCCIÓN de parasitismo en el
Page 47 and 48:
INTRODUCCIÓN razón de la búsqued
Page 49 and 50:
INTRODUCCIÓN araquidónico, están
Page 51 and 52:
INTRODUCCIÓN simplificar la admini
Page 53 and 54:
INTRODUCCIÓN sino también cuando
Page 55:
INTRODUCCIÓN La necesidad de mejor
Page 59:
OBJETIVOS El trabajo planteado en e
Page 63:
MATERIA L Y MÉTODOS La metodologí
Page 67 and 68:
RESULTADO S Y DISCUSIÓN El primer
Page 69 and 70:
RESULTADO S Y DISCUSIÓN 1996; Lync
Page 71 and 72:
RESULTADO S Y DISCUSIÓN Una vez de
Page 73 and 74:
RESULTADO S Y DISCUSIÓN inmunoesti
Page 75 and 76: RESULTADO S Y DISCUSIÓN cruentum s
Page 77 and 78: RESULTADO S Y DISCUSIÓN permiten c
Page 79: RESULTADO S Y DISCUSIÓN harían fa
Page 83 and 84: CONCLUSIONES Tras los estudios real
Page 85: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DEPARTAMENTO D
Page 89: ABSTRACT Photobacterium damselae su
Page 93 and 94: INTRODUCTION 1. AQUACULTURE. THE CU
Page 95 and 96: INTRODUCTION With regard to Solea s
Page 97 and 98: INTRODUCTION 3.1. RESPIRATORY BURST
Page 99 and 100: INTRODUCTION Some catalases have al
Page 101 and 102: INTRODUCTION pathogens, study of th
Page 103 and 104: INTRODUCTION increase their bacteri
Page 105 and 106: INTRODUCTION 4.3.1. Porphyridium cr
Page 107 and 108: INTRODUCTION Different mechanisms h
Page 109: A I M S
Page 113: M A T E R I A L S A N D M E T H O D
Page 117: R E S U L T S A N D D I S C U S S I
Page 120 and 121: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION resist 100 m
Page 122 and 123: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION present work
Page 124 and 125: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION reason, once
Page 128 and 129: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION dominant spe
Page 131 and 132: CONCLUSIONS Studies carried out on
Page 133: R R E F E R E N C I A S E F E R E N
Page 136 and 137: REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Aoki, T,
Page 138 and 139: REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Bell, MV,
Page 140 and 141: REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Dalmo, RA
Page 142 and 143: REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Hamaguchi
Page 144 and 145: REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Kono, Y &
Page 146 and 147: REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Magariño
Page 148 and 149: REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Ortuño,
Page 150 and 151: REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Salinas,
Page 152 and 153: REFERENCIAS / REFEREN CES Thompson,
Page 155: S E C C I Ó N D E A R T Í C U L O
Page 159: A RTÍCULO 1.1. A RTICLE 1.1.
Page 162 and 163: Journal of Fish Diseases 2003, 26,
Page 177:
A RTÍCULO 2.1. A RTICLE 2.1.
Page 180 and 181:
Abstract The stimulatory effect of
Page 182 and 183:
alga Porphyridium cruentum. For thi
Page 184 and 185:
Feeding assays were carried out wit
Page 186 and 187:
(10 8 bacterias ml -1 ) and used to
Page 188 and 189:
are in agreement with the data repo
Page 190 and 191:
unvaccinated fish. However, the ser
Page 192 and 193:
immune response of gilthead seabrea
Page 194 and 195:
[27] Duncan, PL and Klesius, PH. Ef
Page 196 and 197:
(Macrogard) and alginic acid (Ergos
Page 198 and 199:
[66] Salinas, I, Díaz-Rosales, P,
Page 201:
Figure 1a 3 2.5 Stimulation index 2
Page 205:
Figure 1c Stimulation index 3 2.5 2
Page 209:
Figure 2b Stimulation index 3 2.5 2
Page 213 and 214:
Effect of the extracellular polysac
Page 215 and 216:
1. Introduction Solea senegalensis
Page 217 and 218:
On the other hand, β-1,3-glucan fr
Page 219 and 220:
eaction was tested by adding supero
Page 221 and 222:
Intraperitoneal inoculation of the
Page 223 and 224:
defense mechanisms and protective i
Page 225:
phagocytes from sole (Solea senegal
Page 229:
Figure 1a Stimulation index 3 2.5 2
Page 233:
Figure 2 Stimulation index 1.4 1.2
Page 237 and 238:
Effect of dietary administration of
Page 239 and 240:
1. Introduction Senegalese sole cul
Page 241 and 242:
2.2. Fish and experimental design S
Page 243 and 244:
2.5. Challenge with Photobacterium
Page 245 and 246:
the densitometric curves of the pro
Page 247 and 248:
most efficient probiotics for aquac
Page 249 and 250:
acterial diversity only the dominan
Page 251 and 252:
[9] Verschuere, L, Rombaut, G, Sorg
Page 253 and 254:
[28] Burr, G, Gathin, D and Ricke,
Page 255 and 256:
WB, editors. Techniques in Fish Imm
Page 257:
and host-specific communities of ac
Page 261:
Table 1 Primer Sequence (5’-3’)
Page 265:
Figure 1b Stimulation index 2.5 2 1
Page 269:
Table 2 Primer Control Pdp11 Pdp13
Page 273:
Figure 3 Pearson correlation [0.0%-
Page 276:
que perdieras parte de tu tiempo en
show all

Papel de las actividades superóxido dismutasa y catalasa en la ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?