Papel de las actividades superóxido dismutasa y catalasa en la ...
Papel de las actividades superóxido dismutasa y catalasa en la ...
Papel de las actividades superóxido dismutasa y catalasa en la ...
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INTRODUCTION<br />
Differ<strong>en</strong>t mechanisms have be<strong>en</strong> proposed to exp<strong>la</strong>in the types of interactions<br />
betwe<strong>en</strong> probiotics and pathog<strong>en</strong>s: (1) Competitive exclussion, production of<br />
antimicrobial compounds such as bacteriocines, lysozimes and proteases (Austin et al.,<br />
1995; Sugita et al., 1997; Gatesoupe, 1999; Gram et al., 1999; Verschuere et al., 2000); (2)<br />
competition for avai<strong>la</strong>ble <strong>en</strong>ergy and nutri<strong>en</strong>ts (Smith and Davey, 1993; Pybus et al.,<br />
1994; Gatesoupe et al., 1997; Gram et al., 1999); (3) Adhesive interfer<strong>en</strong>ce in the host<br />
(Olsson et al., 1992; Jöborn et al., 1997; Nikoske<strong>la</strong>in<strong>en</strong> et al., 2001; Chabrillón et al.,<br />
2005a and b). Rec<strong>en</strong>tly, research have focused also on the immunomodu<strong>la</strong>tory properties<br />
of probiotic microorganisms (Irianto and Austin, 2003; Nikoske<strong>la</strong>in<strong>en</strong> et al., 2003;<br />
Panigrahi et al., 2004; Salinas et al., 2005, 2006; Díaz-Rosales, 2006) (Table 6).<br />
The gastrointestinal microbiota p<strong>la</strong>ys an important role in host nutrition and<br />
health. Therefore, probiotics could perform an interesting function, modifying<br />
gastrointestinal microbiota to induce favourable effects, such as improvem<strong>en</strong>t of<br />
growth, digestion, immunity or resistance against a pathog<strong>en</strong>. There are numerous<br />
authors that have characterized gastrointestinal microbiota of differ<strong>en</strong>t farmed fish,<br />
fundam<strong>en</strong>tally salmonids (Spanggaard et al., 2000; Huber et al., 2004, J<strong>en</strong>s<strong>en</strong> et al., 2004;<br />
Burr et al., 2005), however studies on gastrointestinal microbiota characterization or<br />
evaluation of possible effects of probiotics are null in fish from Mediterranean area.<br />
These studies are very interesting since could provi<strong>de</strong> information for a better<br />
application of microorganisms in prophy<strong>la</strong>ctic strategies and diseases biocontrol.<br />
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