important plant areas in central and eastern europe - Plantlife

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Section 6 Water, wetlands and coasts Wetlands are a vital habitat for many species of plants and animals as well as providing life support systems for many other habitats.Wetlands habitats such as rivers, lakes, bogs or peatlands, fen and mires cover about 9.9% of Europe.They have an extremely important role in water regulation including flood prevention.They are also important for carbon storage, the maintenance of human food sources and they provide a link between ecosystems allowing the migration and survival of many species. All wetland habitats are vulnerable to pressure from human land uses. Wetland habitats have long been underrated economically and their extent has been reduced dramatically in Europe by drainage to create ‘more productive’ land, suitable for forestry and agriculture.The largest threats to wetlands come from damaging agricultural practices, pollution, and water management systems. Threatened wetland habitats Peatlands are key habitats for plant conservation and are highly threatened in Europe. In Western Europe many countries have destroyed up to 90% of their peatlands. Protecting the diverse areas of peatlands in central and eastern Europe is essential in maintaining Europe’s plant diversity. Peatlands are threatened not only by drainage and pollution but also by peat extraction for the horticultural industry. The Danube river and its tributaries flows through 16 countries and encompasses a variety of habitats from the remnants of flood plain forest near Bratislava to the many channels and lakes of the Danube Delta. Protection from damaging transport developments, water management systems and pollution requires a high level of international cooperation. Europe’s coastlines are also valuable habitats for plants and algae, from coastal dunes, to shore and drift plants, to the diverse seaweeds of the coastal zone.These habitats are vulnerable to developments such as tourist resorts and pollution.The site of Kassari Bay in Estonia is the only existing site for a rare drifting red algae community (Furcellaria lumbricalis – Coccotylus truncatus). It is not currently protected. IPAs, wetlands and coasts Mire, bog and fen 249 IPAs (31%) contain mire, bog and fen habitats. 224 IPAs (28%) contain threatened mire, bog and fen habitats from the EU Habitats Directive, and 105 IPAs (13%) contain priority mire, bog and fen habitats. Inland surface water: rivers and lakes 240 IPAs (30%) contain inland surface water habitats. 197 IPAs (25%) contain threatened inland water habitats from the EU Habitats Directive, and 4 IPAs (
Habitats and land uses BRANO MONLAR Threats to wetland IPAs 171 IPAs (21%) are threatened by drainage, extraction, canalisation or water management systems. 122 IPAs (15%) are threatened by eutrophication (nutrient enrichment). 71 IPAs (9%) are threatened by aquaculture and fisheries. 54 IPAs (7%) are threatened by the construction or the impact of dykes, dams or barrages. 31 IPAs (4%) are threatened by peat extraction. Protecting wetlands and coasts There are several international treaties and protection systems designed to conserve Europe’s wetlands.The RAMSAR convention obliges governments to identify and protect wetland sites.The EU Natura 2000 network and the EU Water Framework Directive can be used to protect precious wetland sites.A detailed global framework and guidelines for action on the wise use of peatlands has now been developed (GGAP). The Helsinki Convention and the Barcelona Convention aim to protect marine and coastal areas of the Baltic and Mediterranean respectively. References Bragg, O & Lindsay, R. (Eds) 2003, Strategy and Action Plan for Mire and Peatland Conservation in Central Europe.Wetlands International,Wageningen,The Netherlands Duckworth, J., Davis, R. & Costley, J., 2002, Junk Food for Plants: How nutrient pollution is threatening the UK’s wild flora. Plantlife European Environment Agency, 2003, Europe’s Environment: the third assessment. EEA Copenhagen The Barcelona Convention (www.europa.eu.int/scadplus/leg/en/lvb/l28 084.htm) The Helsinki Convention (www. helcom.fi/helcom/convention.html) The Ramsar Convention & Ramsar site database (www.ramsar.org) Yellow iris in the Danube flood plain forest. 83
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IMPORTANT PLANT AREAS IN CENTRAL AN
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Acknowledgements Academy of Science
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Contents BRANO MOLNAR Contents Exec
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Executive Summary Executive Summary
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Executive Summary Recommendations:
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Introduction MONICA SARBU DANKA PET
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Introduction Transparency is one of
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Introduction DANA TURONOVA Threats
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Methodology BRANO MOLNAR BRANO MOLN
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Methodology Lichens There were 34 l
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Methodology IPA site selection crit
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IPA database The online IPA databas
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Summary of IPA data 149 threatened
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Summary of IPA data IPAs and Key Bi
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Summary of IPA data Damaging forest
Page 31 and 32: Summary of IPA data IPAs and land u
Page 33 and 34: Summary of IPA data Number of IPAs
Page 35 and 36: Belarus Methodology summary Criteri
Page 37 and 38: Belarus OLEG MASLOVSKY Recommendati
Page 39 and 40: Czech Republic Criteria lists Crite
Page 41 and 42: Czech Republic Qualifying criteria
Page 43 and 44: Estonia Estonia By Mart Külvik, An
Page 45 and 46: Estonia Apart from nature conservat
Page 47 and 48: Poland Poland By Zbigniew Mirek Pol
Page 49 and 50: Poland Habitats and land uses No. o
Page 51 and 52: Romania Romania By Anca Sârbu Roma
Page 53 and 54: Romania Habitats and land use: No.
Page 55 and 56: Romania ANCA SARBU References: Jala
Page 57 and 58: Russia JONATHAN RUDGE Ongoing work
Page 59 and 60: Slovakia Methodology summary Criter
Page 61 and 62: Slovakia Of the 154 IPAs in Slovaki
Page 63 and 64: Slovenia Slovenia By Nejc Jogan Slo
Page 65 and 66: Slovenia Qualifying criteria for IP
Page 67 and 68: IPAs in South East Europe IPAs in s
Page 69 and 70: Bulgaria PETKO TSVETKOV Criteria an
Page 71 and 72: Croatia TONI NIKOLIC Criteria and m
Page 73 and 74: Macedonia Criteria and methodology
Page 75 and 76: Serbia and Montenegro DANKA PETROVI
Page 77 and 78: Serbia and Montenegro Current IPA s
Page 79 and 80: IPA Projects in other countries AND
Page 81: Habitats and land uses ANCA SARBU
Page 85 and 86: Habitats and land uses IPAs and for
Page 87 and 88: Habitats and land uses Sustainable
Page 89 and 90: Existing legislation & programmes I
Page 103 and 104: Contacts Contacts Plantlife Interna
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important plant areas in central and eastern europe - Plantlife

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