important plant areas in central and eastern europe - Plantlife
important plant areas in central and eastern europe - Plantlife important plant areas in central and eastern europe - Plantlife
Section 5 References: Habitats and land use Feráková,V., Maglocký, S˘. & Marhold, K., 2001: C˘ervený zoznam paprad´orastov a semenných rastlín Slovenska (December 2001), Ochrana prírody Suppl., 20:44-77 Kliment, J., 1999: Komentovaný prehl´ad vys˘s˘ích rastlín flóry Slovenska, uvádzaných v literatúre ako endemické taxóny. Bull. Slov. Bot. Spoloc˘n., 21, Bratislava, Suppl. 4 Stanová,V.,Valachovic˘, M. (eds.), 2002: Katalóg biotopov Slovenska. DAPHNE-Ins˘titút aplikovanej ekológie, Bratislava. 225 pp. Viceníková,A. & Polák, P. (eds.), 2003: Európsky významné biotopy na Slovensku, S˘tátna ochrana prírody, Banská Bystrica, 151 pp.. No. of IPAs Number of IPAs with a particular habitat Forest is the most widespread and often dominant habitat, occurring at 117 IPAs (deciduous 88, coniferous 67, mixed 58). Grasslands are also a significant habitat, occurring at 71% of IPAs (dry 85, mesic 24) and temperate scrub occurs at 66 IPAs. Bogs, base rich fens, running and standing water are also frequent habitats.Arable land forms a minor and in a few cases a significant habitat at 102 IPAs. Forestry is the most widespread land use (98 IPAs), along with hunting (91 IPAs) and nature conservation (91 IPAs). Agricultural activity is also a major land use – grazing and animals (65 IPAs), hay-making and mowing (52 IPAs), mixed (43 IPAs), arable (26 IPAs).Tourism and recreation occur on 62 IPAs, wild-plant harvesting at 36 IPAs, mineral extraction at 24 IPAs, and fisheries and aquaculture at 16 IPAs. Qualifying criteria for IPAs in Slovakia: Criterion No of Criterion A No of Criterion No of IPAs Criterion No of A IPAs Tax. Group IPAs B C IPAs Total sites 119 Vascular 112 Total 0 Total 146 with A plants sites with sites with species B C richness habitats Ai 45 Bryophytes 10 Ci 108 Aii 83 Lichens 16 Cii 129 Aiii 32 Fungi 0 Aiv 65 Algae 0 HD* 73 HD* 146 species habitats BC* 49 BC* 0 species habitats HD*= Habitats Directive; BC* = Bern Convention 60
Slovakia Of the 154 IPAs in Slovakia, 111 (72%) qualify under more than one criterion. 77 Criterion A species have only one IPA recorded and four Criterion C habitats have only one site recorded. There are quite large datasets on species distribution available in Slovakia.They were mostly collated during habitat inventories as a by-product of mapping projects.The information on species abundance was usually available only in very rough numbers in three-degree scale. No systematic floristic mapping has been carried out in Slovakia in the past.There are many records published, but they have not been processed into information systems, so the evaluation of the trends remains very problematic at the moment. Key threats to IPAs in Slovakia No. of IPAs Recommendations ■ The future of IPAs is strongly connected with the process of implementing the EU Habitat Directives in Slovakia. ■ The significant overlap between IPAs and the official proposal of sites for the NATURA 2000 network does not fully guarantee appropriate plant conservation within the sites. ■ Plant conservation ideas have to be included in management plans and management measures have to be applied at the sites. ■ Several IPAs are still without any legal protection and face different threats from economic activities. ■ It is necessary to find the mechanisms to ensure their protection. Habitat fragmentation and isolation affects a high number of IPAs (93).Abandonment or reduction of land management is a high level threat to IPAs, affecting 83 sites. Poor forestry practices are the most widespread threat to IPAs, affecting 94 IPAs in total (IFM, intensified forest management 68, afforestation 56, deforestation 15 IPAs). Agricultural intensification or expansion is a frequently recorded threat (general 34, grazing 34). Invasive plant species threaten 65 IPAs, and tourism and recreation development threatens 40. Inappropriate water management systems, including drainage, dredging and canalisation affect 49 IPAs and eutrophication affects 40. Mineral extraction threatens 30 IPAs and transport or infrastructure development affects 21. 61
- Page 9 and 10: Executive Summary Recommendations:
- Page 11 and 12: Introduction MONICA SARBU DANKA PET
- Page 13 and 14: Introduction Transparency is one of
- Page 15 and 16: Introduction DANA TURONOVA Threats
- Page 17 and 18: Methodology BRANO MOLNAR BRANO MOLN
- Page 19 and 20: Methodology Lichens There were 34 l
- Page 21 and 22: Methodology IPA site selection crit
- Page 23 and 24: IPA database The online IPA databas
- Page 25 and 26: Summary of IPA data 149 threatened
- Page 27 and 28: Summary of IPA data IPAs and Key Bi
- Page 29 and 30: Summary of IPA data Damaging forest
- Page 31 and 32: Summary of IPA data IPAs and land u
- Page 33 and 34: Summary of IPA data Number of IPAs
- Page 35 and 36: Belarus Methodology summary Criteri
- Page 37 and 38: Belarus OLEG MASLOVSKY Recommendati
- Page 39 and 40: Czech Republic Criteria lists Crite
- Page 41 and 42: Czech Republic Qualifying criteria
- Page 43 and 44: Estonia Estonia By Mart Külvik, An
- Page 45 and 46: Estonia Apart from nature conservat
- Page 47 and 48: Poland Poland By Zbigniew Mirek Pol
- Page 49 and 50: Poland Habitats and land uses No. o
- Page 51 and 52: Romania Romania By Anca Sârbu Roma
- Page 53 and 54: Romania Habitats and land use: No.
- Page 55 and 56: Romania ANCA SARBU References: Jala
- Page 57 and 58: Russia JONATHAN RUDGE Ongoing work
- Page 59: Slovakia Methodology summary Criter
- Page 63 and 64: Slovenia Slovenia By Nejc Jogan Slo
- Page 65 and 66: Slovenia Qualifying criteria for IP
- Page 67 and 68: IPAs in South East Europe IPAs in s
- Page 69 and 70: Bulgaria PETKO TSVETKOV Criteria an
- Page 71 and 72: Croatia TONI NIKOLIC Criteria and m
- Page 73 and 74: Macedonia Criteria and methodology
- Page 75 and 76: Serbia and Montenegro DANKA PETROVI
- Page 77 and 78: Serbia and Montenegro Current IPA s
- Page 79 and 80: IPA Projects in other countries AND
- Page 81 and 82: Habitats and land uses ANCA SARBU
- Page 83 and 84: Habitats and land uses BRANO MONLAR
- Page 85 and 86: Habitats and land uses IPAs and for
- Page 87 and 88: Habitats and land uses Sustainable
- Page 89 and 90: Existing legislation & programmes I
- Page 91 and 92: Existing legislation & programmes I
- Page 93 and 94: Existing legislation & programmes I
- Page 95 and 96: Existing legislation & programmes I
- Page 97 and 98: Existing legislation & programmes I
- Page 99 and 100: Existing legislation & programmes I
- Page 101 and 102: Existing legislation & programmes I
- Page 103 and 104: Contacts Contacts Plantlife Interna
Slovakia<br />
Of the 154 IPAs <strong>in</strong> Slovakia, 111 (72%) qualify under more than one criterion.<br />
77 Criterion A species have only one IPA recorded <strong>and</strong> four Criterion C habitats have<br />
only one site recorded.<br />
There are quite large datasets on species distribution available <strong>in</strong> Slovakia.They were<br />
mostly collated dur<strong>in</strong>g habitat <strong>in</strong>ventories as a by-product of mapp<strong>in</strong>g projects.The<br />
<strong>in</strong>formation on species abundance was usually available only <strong>in</strong> very rough numbers <strong>in</strong><br />
three-degree scale. No systematic floristic mapp<strong>in</strong>g has been carried out <strong>in</strong> Slovakia <strong>in</strong><br />
the past.There are many records published, but they have not been processed <strong>in</strong>to<br />
<strong>in</strong>formation systems, so the evaluation of the trends rema<strong>in</strong>s very problematic at the<br />
moment.<br />
Key threats to IPAs <strong>in</strong> Slovakia<br />
No. of<br />
IPAs<br />
Recommendations<br />
■ The future of IPAs is strongly<br />
connected with the process of<br />
implement<strong>in</strong>g the EU Habitat Directives <strong>in</strong><br />
Slovakia.<br />
■ The significant overlap between IPAs<br />
<strong>and</strong> the official proposal of sites for the<br />
NATURA 2000 network does not fully<br />
guarantee appropriate <strong>plant</strong> conservation<br />
with<strong>in</strong> the sites.<br />
■ Plant conservation ideas have to be<br />
<strong>in</strong>cluded <strong>in</strong> management plans <strong>and</strong><br />
management measures have to be applied<br />
at the sites.<br />
■ Several IPAs are still without any legal<br />
protection <strong>and</strong> face different threats from<br />
economic activities.<br />
■ It is necessary to f<strong>in</strong>d the mechanisms<br />
to ensure their protection.<br />
Habitat fragmentation <strong>and</strong> isolation affects a high number of IPAs (93).Ab<strong>and</strong>onment or<br />
reduction of l<strong>and</strong> management is a high level threat to IPAs, affect<strong>in</strong>g 83 sites. Poor<br />
forestry practices are the most widespread threat to IPAs, affect<strong>in</strong>g 94 IPAs <strong>in</strong> total (IFM,<br />
<strong>in</strong>tensified forest management 68, afforestation 56, deforestation 15 IPAs). Agricultural<br />
<strong>in</strong>tensification or expansion is a frequently recorded threat (general 34, graz<strong>in</strong>g 34).<br />
Invasive <strong>plant</strong> species threaten 65 IPAs, <strong>and</strong> tourism <strong>and</strong> recreation development<br />
threatens 40. Inappropriate water management systems, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g dra<strong>in</strong>age, dredg<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong><br />
canalisation affect 49 IPAs <strong>and</strong> eutrophication affects 40. M<strong>in</strong>eral extraction threatens 30<br />
IPAs <strong>and</strong> transport or <strong>in</strong>frastructure development affects 21.<br />
61
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