A Rules for Foot Orienteering Events - Orienteering USA

C.15.9.2 To indicate passability, skiable tracks and trails should be overprinted on the
competition map in a green printing color in accordance with the ISOM.
C.15.9.3 When tracks and trails are not overprinted in green, all skiable tracks and trails
must be printed on the map. Trails on the map that are not skiable should be
marked with a series of purple or green perpendicular slashes through the
trails. Trails or roads that are sanded should be marked with a series of purple
or green V's.
C.15.9.4 All passability symbols, whether consistent with or varying from the symbols
above, should be announced in Event Information.
C.16 Courses
C.16.1 The IOF Principles for Course Planning (Appendix 5 of Ski Orienteering Rules)
should be referenced as guidance for setting the courses.
C.16.2 An ideal course should test experienced skiers with several skiing techniques, for
example diagonal, skating and downhill.
C.16.3 Bushwhacking is permitted in Ski Orienteering. For reasons of safety and
fairness, the possibility of bushwhacking should be described in the Event
Information. In the design of Ski Orienteering courses, consideration should be
given that the bushwhacking of early competitors does not give significant
advantage to later competitors.
C.16.4 Since a snowfall may obliterate indistinct connecting trails that are indicated on
the map, colored ribbons may be placed at these places to aid the competitors. The
use of such ribbons (including color used) should be described in Event
Information.
C.16.5 Course Length and Climb
C.16.5.1 Course measurements should be given in two ways:
h) As the length of a straight line from the start via the controls to the finish
deviating for, and only for, physically impassable obstructions (high
fences, impassable cliffs, etc.), prohibited areas, and marked routes.
i) Following the shortest sensible route choice from start via the controls to
the finish.
C.16.5.2 The total climb shall be given as the climb in meters along the shortest sensible
route.
C.16.5.3 The total climb of a course should not exceed 6% of the length of the shortest
sensible route choice.