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10 Rhythm of the Sea Under the classification system designed by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and the Department Agriculture (DA), land classified under sustainable land use is utilized in accordance with its suitability. Development opportunity land is utilized at a level of intensity that is below the suitable intensity. Land that is not sustainable is utilized at a level of intensity that is in excess of its suitability (AusAID 1995). Much of the land within the profile area is classified as being either sustainably utilized, or underutilized (development opportunity land). The entire coastline of the profile area is currently classified as development opportunity land. This means that the land is currently being utilized at a level of intensity that is below the suitable intensity (as defined by the DA and DENR). Much of this development opportunity coastline is classified as being suitable for forestry plantation. The implication of this classification is that agroforestry projects (such as community-based mangrove stewardship) in the area can be stepped up to meet the livelihood needs of the coastal population. As of now, mangroves and marshes are the predominant feature in this underutilized area. Inland from the development opportunity fringe, there are vast areas classified as sustainably used areas. This implies that the land is being utilized in accordance with its suitability. In this case, the majority of sustainable land is currently utilized for rice farming or fishpond development. Since a high percentage of the profile area's population is rural, the impact of human settlements upon the land is not considered to be high by local government officials. Currently, the majority of municipal urban centers sprawl across rice land and mangrove areas. This means that future urban growth (due to population pressure) will infringe upon the wetlands, causing sustainability to decrease as a result of human waste and pollution. The resulting loss of sustainability may cause drops in agricultural productivity, and further degrade the coastline. CLIMATE TE The climate of Bohol is characterized by 2 distinct seasons. The dry season occurs from late January to May, while the wet season is from June to December. Average annual precipitation is 200 cm per year. Temperature typically ranges from 26 to 29 o C, depending upon the season (PPDO 1993a; DOT 1997). Due to the slight variations in temperature, Bohol is able to produce agricultural crops year-round, rather than being restricted only to specific growing seasons. Relative to the suitability of the profile area’s climate to agricultural production, the BSWM identified 2 agro-climatic zones within the profile area. Calape and Tubigon are under the moist zone, in which annual rainfall ranges from 1,500 to 2,500 mm and occurs mostly on upland areas. The moisture deficit during the dry season is moderate. The
CHAPTER 2 PHYSICAL FEATURES 11 municipalities of Clarin, Inabanga, Buenavista and Getafe fall within the dry zone, where annual rainfall is less than 1,500 mm and occurs mainly on the lowlands (PPDO 1993a). These areas experience significant moisture deficit during the dry season. As a result, agriculture in Calape and Tubigon is naturally able to sustain a greater variety of crops as compared to the other 4 municipalities, which must place greater dependence upon irrigation schemes. In addition, since Tubigon has a deeper soil base, agricultural schemes in that municipality have greater potential for successful diversification. SUMMARY Northwestern Bohol should be able to sustain year-round agricultural crop production because of its favorable agroclimatic situation. Also, its coastline is classified as development opportunity land thus suitable for livelihood activities. As long as sustained agricultural practices do not deplete soil fertility or topsoil, agricultural production in the profile area is encouraged. The relatively shallow soil base, however, will limit the longevity and effectiveness of the soil when used for sustained agricultural purposes. This concern calls for careful attention to soil management practices especially as farmers attempt to increase production for a rapidly expanding population. On the other hand, if current trends in soil erosion continue, the problem of siltation and sedimentation of coastal and marine areas will increase.
Page 2 and 3: RHYTHM OF THE SEA COASTAL ENVIRONME
Page 4 and 5: iii CONTENTS Tables, Figures and Bo
Page 6 and 7: v Recommendations Local Government
Page 8 and 9: vii ACRONYMS and ABBREVIATIONS ATI
Page 10 and 11: ix NFA National Food Authority NFE
Page 12 and 13: xi FOREWORD The Province of Bohol i
Page 14 and 15: xiii was developed, opening up all
Page 16 and 17: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Chapter 1
Page 18 and 19: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 3 This coast
Page 20 and 21: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 5 OBJECTIVES
Page 22 and 23: 6 Rhythm of the Sea
Page 24 and 25: 8 Rhythm of the Sea Table 2.1. Muni
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Page 32 and 33: 16 Rhythm of the Sea Local uses of
Page 34 and 35: 18 Rhythm of the Sea Open Water ter
Page 36 and 37: 20 Rhythm of the Sea The only large
Page 38 and 39: 22 Rhythm of the Sea Figure 3.2. Co
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Page 54 and 55: 38 Rhythm of the Sea SUMMARY Deposi
Page 56 and 57: CHAPTER 4 SOCIOPOLITICAL SETTING 39
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Page 72 and 73: 54 Rhythm of the Sea Table 5.2. Cos
Page 74 and 75: 56 Rhythm of the Sea During a field
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58 Rhythm of the Sea According to t
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60 Rhythm of the Sea In recent year
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62 Rhythm of the Sea Table 5.4. Sta
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64 Rhythm of the Sea Table 5.5. Pot
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66 Rhythm of the Sea On the average
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68 Rhythm of the Sea Even though th
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CHAPTER 6 INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL F
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CHAPTER 7 COASTAL MANAGEMENT ISSUES
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REFERENCES 107 REFERENCES REFERENCE
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REFERENCES 109 SUML (Silliman Unive
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REFERENCES 111 Redulla, Gabino. May
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REFERENCES 113 Clarin Sanchez, Trif
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