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8 Rhythm of the Sea Table 2.1. Municipal land areas of the prof ofile area (PPDO 1993a). Municipality Calape Tubigon Clarin Inabanga Buenavista Getafe Loon Total Land area (in ha) 7,615.0 7,556.0 6,279.0 13,166.0 8,300.0 6,386.0 11,197.5 60,499.5 currents, except for the northernmost end of the area, where the flood current reverses to a northeasterly direction (SUML 1997). This suggests that ebb currents are a significant water mass transport along the northwestern coast. HYDROLOG OLOGY Temperate in climate and rainfall, Bohol has lush watersheds which affect the present and future conditions of the coastal zone. As mentioned earlier, there are 3 major watershed systems covering the profile area, including the Inabanga river system in the north (PPDO 1993a). Unfortunately, the watershed areas are currently experiencing 26-83 percent erosion due to uncontrolled human encroachment into protected upland forest areas (MTDP 1997). Currently, there are 7.8 km of irrigation canals being designed along Getafe’s Campao creek, and 7.3 km in Taytay creek. A 13.3-km canal is being developed on Talenseras creek in Tubigon. Calape has 2 canal systems being developed along the Calunasan (10.2 km) and Mandaug creeks (7 km). Buenavista has 5 km along the Bunotbunot river. These projects, totalling 50.6 km, began in 1996 under the Small Reservoir Irrigation Project (PPDO 1993a). There are additional projects scheduled for Clarin and Inabanga. Five major waterways lie in the profile area. These are the Iwahig, Daet, Mualong, Baogo and Haligue rivers. A number of smaller rivers are used for hydroelectric power and irrigation projects. Table 2.2 provides a complete list of rivers and creeks in the profile area. SOIL On the average, soil depth is relatively shallow, ranging from a minimum depth of 24 cm to a maximum of 60 cm (Table 2.3). Of the 4 major soil types in the area, the most prevalent is clay. The soils are divided among: Bolinao clay, clay loam, Bantug clay and hydrosoil (regosols). Since clay soil has an extremely fine texture, it has the ability to retain large amounts of water and store plant nutrients at the surface. This makes clay, and especially organic clay loam, highly suited to agriculture. Due to the shallow soil depth, however, agricultural practices must be carefully managed to limit soil erosion and depletion. Of the 7 municipalities, only Tubigon is well suited to support a strong agricultural base.
CHAPTER 2 PHYSICAL FEATURES 9 Table 2.2. List of riv iver ers, springs and creeks in the prof ofile area (PPDO 1992). Municipality River Spring Creek Loon Calape Tubigon Clarin Inabanga Buenavista Getafe Mualong Batuan Abucayan Cahayag Bunacan Bacani Cabog Iwahig Nahawan Baogo Cawayan Bunotbunot Daet Maubid Montegarcia Tubig-Loon Bagacay Banlasan Binogawan Cabayugan Cabudburan Camias Canguka Sokotong Tinibgan Cawayanan Lapay Pondol Talisay Bato Bolokbolok Calunasan Mandaug Boho Banlasan Ilihan Ubojan Talenseras Buacao Libertad Dapanas Cantuyod Poblacion Caboy Candahik Tangaran Binaliw Ilihan Magkaya Gatusan Cramian Matubig Bugaong Campao Taytay Table 2.3. Average soil depth per municipality (PPDO 1993a). Buenavista Calape Clarin Inabanga Getafe Tubigon Loon Municipality Soil depth (in cm) 25 24 24 24 25 60 28 Classification shallow very shallow very shallow very shallow shallow moderately deep shallow LAND USES Land use refers to the manner in which an area of land is actually being put to use. Land suitability is a classification of land into categories based on the degree to which the characteristics of the land can satisfy the environmental requirements of settlements, forestry, agriculture and industry without deterioration.
Page 2 and 3: RHYTHM OF THE SEA COASTAL ENVIRONME
Page 4 and 5: iii CONTENTS Tables, Figures and Bo
Page 6 and 7: v Recommendations Local Government
Page 8 and 9: vii ACRONYMS and ABBREVIATIONS ATI
Page 10 and 11: ix NFA National Food Authority NFE
Page 12 and 13: xi FOREWORD The Province of Bohol i
Page 14 and 15: xiii was developed, opening up all
Page 16 and 17: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Chapter 1
Page 18 and 19: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 3 This coast
Page 20 and 21: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 5 OBJECTIVES
Page 22 and 23: 6 Rhythm of the Sea
Page 26 and 27: 10 Rhythm of the Sea Under the clas
Page 30 and 31: 14 Rhythm of the Sea FOREST RESOURC
Page 32 and 33: 16 Rhythm of the Sea Local uses of
Page 34 and 35: 18 Rhythm of the Sea Open Water ter
Page 36 and 37: 20 Rhythm of the Sea The only large
Page 38 and 39: 22 Rhythm of the Sea Figure 3.2. Co
Page 52 and 53: 36 Rhythm of the Sea Confiscated il
Page 54 and 55: 38 Rhythm of the Sea SUMMARY Deposi
Page 56 and 57: CHAPTER 4 SOCIOPOLITICAL SETTING 39
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Page 72 and 73: 54 Rhythm of the Sea Table 5.2. Cos
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56 Rhythm of the Sea During a field
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58 Rhythm of the Sea According to t
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60 Rhythm of the Sea In recent year
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62 Rhythm of the Sea Table 5.4. Sta
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64 Rhythm of the Sea Table 5.5. Pot
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66 Rhythm of the Sea On the average
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68 Rhythm of the Sea Even though th
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CHAPTER 6 INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL F
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CHAPTER 7 COASTAL MANAGEMENT ISSUES
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REFERENCES 107 REFERENCES REFERENCE
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REFERENCES 109 SUML (Silliman Unive
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REFERENCES 111 Redulla, Gabino. May
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REFERENCES 113 Clarin Sanchez, Trif
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