Diamond Detectors for Ionizing Radiation - HEPHY

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Chapter 1 Synopsis Diamonds are a girl's best friend. M. Monroe In fact, diamonds are more than that. Widely known for its hardness, industrial diamond has been successfully applied to drilling and cutting tools all over the world. However, articially grown diamond can also serve for particle detection, similar to semiconductors such as silicon or germanium. Due to its expected radiation hardness, diamond is a candidate for future high energy experiments. The RD42 collaboration at CERN (European Laboratory for Particle Physics, Geneva, CH) has been installed in 1994 to develop diamond detectors and readout electronics for the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which is planned to start running in 2005. The projected features of this machine will exceed the limits of present technology in many elds. In the past years, several institutes joined the RD42 collaboration, which has now approximately 80 scientic members from 24 institutes all over the world. In 1995, I began to work with the HEPHY [1] (Insitute of High Energy Physics, Vienna, A) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Soon I got in touch with diamond detectors and became a member of the RD42 collaboration. In 1995, we built a characterization station for solid state detector samples, especially diamonds. It took quite a lot of time to understand and optimize the device, as we developed almost everything from scratch, from the mechanical support to the software. I laid special emphasis on achieving the lowest noise possible in the design of this characterization station. In the autumns of 1995, 1996 and 1997, we performed three irradiation experiments in a pion beam at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI, Villigen, CH). Because of my essential contribution to preparation, realization and data analysis, ample space is devoted to these projects within this thesis. Also numeric calculation of electric elds was included in my further analysis. A summary of my personal \diamond career" is given in appendix B. This thesis is divided into several chapters, each of which deals with a certain aspect of diamond detectors. A general introduction and the motivation for diamond detector research is given in chapter 2. The growth and properties of diamond are described in chapter 3, while chapter 4 gives a brief overview of the theoretical background of particle detection. Under this aspect, diamond is compared to other solid state detector materials, 4
CHAPTER 1. SYNOPSIS 5 primarily silicon, in chapter 5. The characterization of diamond detectors is dealt with in chapter 6. In chapter 7, the radiation hardness studies are described with emphasis on the pion irradiation. The various detector geometries, including the latest test results of strip and pixel detectors, are dealt with in chapter 8. Finally, chapter 9 summarizes the results which have been achieved. Abbreviations and symbols are explained in appendix A. As the study of diamond detectors for the application in future high energy experiments has begun only in the 1990s, I am restricted to discuss the present state of investigations. Up to now, more than 150 diamond samples have been investigated by the RD42 collaboration. The results look very promising and I expect that diamond detectors may be widely used in future applications. The latest results, all RD42 publications as well as several photos and gures can be obtained at http://www.cern.ch/RD42/ .
Page 1 and 2: Diploma Thesis Diamond Detectors fo
Page 3: CONTENTS 3 7 Radiation Hardness 37
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Page 9 and 10: Chapter 3 Material Properties 3.1 G
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Page 21 and 22: CHAPTER 5. DETECTOR MATERIAL COMPAR
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Chapter 9 Summary The possible appl
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Acknowledgements First of all, I am
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APPENDIX A. ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBO
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APPENDIX A. ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBO
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Bibliography [1] Austrian Academy o
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 65 [29] A. Hrisoho, Fr
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Diamond Detectors for Ionizing Radiation - HEPHY

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