MORPHO ANATOMICAL STUDIES OF LEAVES OF Urena ... - IJPI

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ARTICLE PHARMACEUTICAL INNOVATIONS ISSN 2249-1031 simple, alternate, petiolate, stipulate; blade-very variable, usually broader than long round or ovate, up to 10-15 cm long and cordate at the base angled or shallowly 5-7 lobed. The lobes not extending half way down or occasionally nearly obsolete generally acute or acuminate, serrate, stellately tomentose on both surface but paler beneath with five to seven pairs of basal nerves which are prominent on the under surface and with a large gland below at the base of the midrib and sometimes at the base of two lateral also. Habitually the plant being used as febrifuge, diuretic and rheumatism. Moreover mainly useful for toothache, wounds, gonorrhea and used as food for animals and humans [1-2] . The different extracts of the leaves and roots of Urena lobata Linn are used to treat diverse ailments such as cough, malaria, venereal diseases and rheumatism. The leaves and flowers of Urena lobata Linn are eaten as famine food in Africa. The main constituents of Urena lobata Linn, includes flavonoids, flavonoids glycosides, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, furocoumarin, imperatorin, mangiferin and quercetin [3] . Also it contains kaempferol, luteolin, hypolatin and gossypetin [4] . Herbal drugs are required to be exploited more and more and to a great extent use of natural drugs all over the world in modern era is an indication of significant contribution of pharmacognosy to modern system of medicine. The main purpose of pharmacognostial study was to determine exomorphology, pharmacognosy, and powder microscopy. microscopical Volume 3, Issue 1, Jan. − Feb. 2013 parameter present in the leaves of Urena lobata Linn MATERIALS AND METHODS Collection and authentification The plant materials Urena lobata Linn were collected from the Herbal Garden Division of Kerala Ayurveda Ltd, Aluva and authentified. A specimen voucher was deposited in college herbarium for future references. Preparation of specimen Great care has taken to choose the healthy plants and normal organs. The specimens of leaf was cut and removed from the plant and fixed in a solution mixture containing, formalin A (5mL), acetic acid (5mL) and ethyl alcohol (70%, 90 mL) for 24 h. After fixing the specimens were dehydrated with graded series of tertiary-butyl alcohol [5] . Further the infiltration of the specimens was carried out by gradual addition of paraffin wax at 58-60 °C until tertiarybutyl alcohol solution attained super saturation. Finally they obtained paraffin blocks were used for sectioning. Sectioning The paraffin embedded specimens were sectioned with help of Senior Precision Rotary microtome (MT-1090A, by WESWOX, India) dewaxing of the sections was done by normal procedure [6] . After dewaxing, the thickness of the sections was 10-12 µm and stained with toluidine blue (polychromatic stain) [7] . The staining results were remarkably good and some cytochemical reactions were also obtained. The dye rendered pink colour to the cellulose walls blue to the lignified cells, dark green to suberin, violet to the mucilage, blue to the protein bodies etc. Wherever necessary the sections were also 23 | P a g e http://www.ijpi.org
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ARTICLE PHARMACEUTICAL INNOVATIONS ISSN 2249-1031 stained with safranin, fast-green and iodine solution for the identification starch. For stomatal morphology, venation pattern and trichomes distribution, paradermal sections of leaf was taken cleaned with sodium hydroxide solution (5%) and epidermal peeling by partial maceration (Jeffrey’s maceration fluid). Temporary preparations of the above macerated / cleared materials were made with glycerine. The powdered materials of different parts of the plants were collected and cleared with NaOH and mounted in glycerin medium after staining (described previously) for better clarity. Photomicrographs Microscopic photographs of tissues of different magnifications were taken Nikon lab photo 2 microscopic units. For normal observations bright field was used and for crystals, starch grains and lignified cells polarized light was employed. Since these structures have birefringent property, under polarized light they appear bright against dark background. The magnifications of the figures were indicated by the scale-bars [8-9] . RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Exomorphology Leaves were simple, alternate, petiolate, stipulate, usually broader than long round or ovate, up to 10-15 cm long, cordate at the base angled or shallowly 5-7 lobed and not extending half way down or occasionally nearly obsolete generally acute or acuminate, serrate, stellately tomentose on both surface. But paler beneath with five to seven pairs of basal nerves which are prominent on the under surface with a large gland below at the Volume 3, Issue 1, Jan. − Feb. 2013 base of the midrib and sometimes at the base of two lateral also. The petiole was variable in length and the stem was moderately thick, pubescent in young ones and smooth in mature ones with long inter nodes. The root system consists of taproot and several branching lateral roots were stout and brown in colour. The diameter was varied between 5-6 mm and the length ranged from 20-25cm. Very small wiry cream colour rootlets arise from the lateral roots. Small lenticels are also present towards the base and the outer surface of the root (Fig1). Fig 1. Exomorphic features of the plant Urena lobata Linn 1). Habit profile, 2). A twig with axiliary flower, 3). A portion of tap root system Anatomy of the leaf The leaf is the thin and dorsi-ventral (Fig 2 A&B) and lamina has trichomes on both sides. The adaxial epidermis has larger cells than the abaxial layers. The mesophyll is differentiated in to upper palisade zone and lower spongy parenchyma zone (Fig 2 C&D). The midrib is prominent and projects equally on the upper and lower side in the form of 24 | P a g e http://www.ijpi.org
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MORPHO ANATOMICAL STUDIES OF LEAVES OF Urena ... - IJPI

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