njit-etd2003-081 - New Jersey Institute of Technology
njit-etd2003-081 - New Jersey Institute of Technology njit-etd2003-081 - New Jersey Institute of Technology
41 TABLE 2.3 GOLD Severity Classification of COPD (From the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive 'limo Disease GOT .D Workshop, 1999) GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC, forced vital capacity; respiratory failure, arterial partial pressure of oxygen < 60 mm Hg with or without arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide greater than or equal to 50 mm Hg while breathing air at sea level. Data extracted from The GOLD Workshop Panel. [9]
CHAPTER 3 ENGINEERING BACKGROUND The transformation of the electrocardiogram, blood pressure and respiration signals into heart rate variability, blood pressure variability and respiration spectra requires many intermediate steps such as peak detection, interpolation, resampling and spectral analysis. To date, there are no standardized ways to process this data to study heart rate variability, blood pressure variability, and respiration. This leads to varying experimental results and difficulties in the comparison of the experimental results from one research facility to another. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce a brief background of various signalprocessing methods used in this dissertation. First, a brief introduction to timefrequency distributions is presented. The uncertainty principle, the concepts of analytic signal, instantaneous frequency and the desired properties of the time-frequency distribution are discussed. The importance of covariance and invariance notion of the density function as an operator in the time-frequency distribution is mentioned. A brief theoretical background comparison of the short time Fourier transform, Wigner, windowed Wigner, Choi-Williams distributions and wavelets are discussed. Other methods of analysis including spectral analyses of HRV and BPV are also presented. The concepts of the cross-spectral analysis (coherence, weighted coherence, and partial coherence) and system identification are covered. Finally, the classification technique using principal component analysis and cluster analysis are also presented in detail. 42
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- Page 45 and 46: 16 Figure 2.2 The systemic and pulm
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- Page 59 and 60: 30 Figure 2.6 Autonomic innervation
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- Page 73 and 74: 44 Two common types of time-frequen
- Page 75 and 76: 46 STFT: Short-Time Fourier Transfo
- Page 77 and 78: 48 3.3 The Analytic Signal and Inst
- Page 79 and 80: 50 The advantage of using equation
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41<br />
TABLE 2.3 GOLD Severity Classification <strong>of</strong> COPD (From the Global Initiative for<br />
Chronic Obstructive 'limo Disease GOT .D Workshop, 1999)<br />
GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; COPD, chronic<br />
obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC,<br />
forced vital capacity; respiratory failure, arterial partial pressure <strong>of</strong> oxygen < 60 mm Hg<br />
with or without arterial partial pressure <strong>of</strong> carbon dioxide greater than or equal to 50 mm<br />
Hg while breathing air at sea level.<br />
Data extracted from The GOLD Workshop Panel. [9]
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