njit-etd2003-081 - New Jersey Institute of Technology
njit-etd2003-081 - New Jersey Institute of Technology njit-etd2003-081 - New Jersey Institute of Technology
123 3.15.20 Computations Computationally, one may think of this method as analysis of variance (ANOVA) "in reverse." The program will start with k random clusters, and then move objects between those clusters with the goal to (1) minimize variability within clusters and (2) maximize variability between clusters. This is analogous to "ANOVA in reverse" in the sense that the significance test in ANOVA evaluates the between group variability against the within-group variability when computing the significance test for the hypothesis that the means in the groups are different from each other. In k-means clustering, the program tries to move objects (e.g., cases) in and out of groups (clusters) to get the most significant ANOVA results. 3.15.21 Interpretation of Results Usually, as the result of a k-means clustering analysis, one would examine the means for each cluster on each dimension to assess how distinct our k clusters are. Ideally, one would obtain very different means for most, if not all dimensions, used in the analysis. The magnitude of the F values from the analysis of variance performed on each dimension is another indication of how well the respective dimension discriminates between clusters.
CHAPTER 4 METHODS The purpose of this chapter is to thoroughly explain the methods used to acquire the biological signals of interest, namely the electrocardiogram (ECG), the systolic blood pressure, and the respiration signal, as well as to explain the equipment used to acquire these signals. Also included in this chapter is an explanation of the experimental protocol, and the different signal processing analysis techniques, which were developed for system identification. 4.1 Experimental Protocols 4.1.1. Study Procedures The subject populations of the study include: 1) Patients with severe pulmonary disease that were being enrolled into the National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT) to study lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) as well as the elective population undergoing lung volume reduction surgery. 2) Normal individuals with no known cardiac or pulmonary disease. Since the study of COPD subjects is a long-term (up to 5 years) project, the population of COPD patients can be up to several hundred. The data collection for the COPD population can be as large as required. However, data of 47 COPD subjects were analyzed for this dissertation. On the other hand, the population of volunteered normal 124
- Page 101 and 102: Figure 3.5 The time-frequency plane
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- Page 115 and 116: Figure 3.12 Power spectrum of BP II
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CHAPTER 4<br />
METHODS<br />
The purpose <strong>of</strong> this chapter is to thoroughly explain the methods used to acquire the<br />
biological signals <strong>of</strong> interest, namely the electrocardiogram (ECG), the systolic blood<br />
pressure, and the respiration signal, as well as to explain the equipment used to acquire<br />
these signals. Also included in this chapter is an explanation <strong>of</strong> the experimental<br />
protocol, and the different signal processing analysis techniques, which were developed<br />
for system identification.<br />
4.1 Experimental Protocols<br />
4.1.1. Study Procedures<br />
The subject populations <strong>of</strong> the study include:<br />
1) Patients with severe pulmonary disease that were being enrolled into the<br />
National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT) to study lung volume reduction<br />
surgery (LVRS) as well as the elective population undergoing lung volume<br />
reduction surgery.<br />
2) Normal individuals with no known cardiac or pulmonary disease.<br />
Since the study <strong>of</strong> COPD subjects is a long-term (up to 5 years) project, the<br />
population <strong>of</strong> COPD patients can be up to several hundred. The data collection for the<br />
COPD population can be as large as required. However, data <strong>of</strong> 47 COPD subjects were<br />
analyzed for this dissertation. On the other hand, the population <strong>of</strong> volunteered normal<br />
124
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