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28 Charlton and Zachariou<br />

5. Equilibration buffer: 0.02 M K 2 HPO 4 /KH 2 PO 4 + 0.5 M NaCl pH 7.4.<br />

6. Elution buffer: 0.05 M imidazole + 0.5 M NaCl pH 7.<br />

7. Regeneration buffer: 0.2 M EDTA + 0.5 M NaCl pH 8.<br />

2.2. Purification of Proteins Using IMAC Based on Non-Histidine<br />

Selection and High Ionic Strength<br />

1. Stationary support: Chelating Sepharose FF (Amersham-Pharmacia Biotech).<br />

2. Charge solution: 0.05 M metal salts.<br />

3. Metal rinsing solution: 0.05 M acetic acid + 0.1 M KNO 3 .<br />

4. Pre-equilibration buffer: none.<br />

5. Equilibration buffer: 0.03 M morpholinoethane sulphonic acid (MES) + 0.03 M<br />

imidazole + 0.5 M NaCl pH 5.5/pH 6.<br />

6. Elution buffer: 0.03 M MES + 0.03 M imidazole + 0.1 M K 2 HPO 4 + 0.14 M NaCl<br />

pH 5.5/pH 6.<br />

7. Regeneration buffer: 0.2 M EDTA + 0.5 M NaCl pH 8.<br />

8. Storage solution: 0.01 M NaOH.<br />

2.3. Purification of Proteins Using IMAC in Pseudo-Cation<br />

Exchange Mode<br />

1. Stationary support: Chelating Sepharose FF (Amersham-Pharmacia Biotech, UK).<br />

2. Charge solution: 0.05 M metal salts.<br />

3. Metal rinsing solution: 0.05 M acetic acid + 0.1 M KNO 3 .<br />

4. Pre-equilibration buffer: none.<br />

5. Equilibration buffer: 0.03 M MES + 0.03 M imidazole + 0.05 M NaCl pH 5.5/pH 6.<br />

6. Elution buffer: 0.03 M HEPES + 0.03 M imidazole + 0.5 M NaCl pH 8.<br />

7. Regeneration buffer: 0.2 M EDTA + 0.5 M NaCl pH 8.<br />

8. Storage solution: 0.01 M NaOH.<br />

3. Method<br />

3.1. Purification of Proteins Using IMAC Based on Histidine Selection<br />

1. Wash packed Cu-IDA column with 2 column volumes (CV) of metal rinsing<br />

solution, 0.2 M acetic acid pH 4 (see Note 1).<br />

2. Wash column with 5 CV of Milli Q water.<br />

3. Pre-wash packed Cu-IDA column with 10 CV of 0.2 M K 2 HPO 4 /KH 2 PO 4 + 0.5<br />

M NaCl, pH 7.4.<br />

4. Equilibrate the column with 10 CV of 20 mM K 2 HPO 4 /KH 2 PO 4 + 0.5 M NaCl,<br />

pH 7.4.<br />

5. Confirm equilibration by measuring pH and conductivity. Continue equilibration<br />

until pH and conductivity of effluent matches equilibration buffer.<br />

6. Load sample containing target molecule ensuring the sample pH is between pH<br />

7 and 7.2. As a general rule, loading linear velocities should be between 10 and

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