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282 Forde<br />

12. Safety Warning: Picogreen must be treated as a potential mutagen as it binds<br />

with nucleic acid, so must be handled with appropriate care. It is recommended<br />

to use double gloves when handling the stock solution. Picogreen reagent should<br />

be poured through activated charcoal before disposal. The charcoal must then be<br />

incinerated to destroy the dye.<br />

13. Safety Warning: Be careful when opening bottles containing heated agarose gel as<br />

the solution can become superheated and inflict burns. The solution will initially<br />

be cloudy when the agarose is suspended in the buffer, and then becomes clear<br />

once the agarose has dissolved.<br />

14. Safety Warning: Ethidium bromide is a potential carcinogen and mutagen.<br />

Always wear gloves when handling ethidium bromide and equipment that may<br />

have been in contact with ethidium bromide.<br />

15. The gel can be run at a higher voltage (i.e., 100 V), however, the resolution<br />

of the gel may be compromised and the DNA may be degraded under high<br />

temperatures.<br />

16. Ensure that your eyes and skin are adequately protected from sources of UV<br />

light.<br />

Acknowledgments<br />

Thanks are due to Dr. Siddhartha Ghose, Prof. Nigel Slater, Dr. John<br />

Woodgate and Dr. Peter Kumpalume for their guidance.<br />

References<br />

1. Legendre JY, Haensler J, Remy JS. Non-viral gene delivery systems (1996).<br />

Médecine/Sciences 12, 1334–1341.<br />

2. Ferreira GNM, Monteiro GA, Prazeres DMF, Cabral JMS. Downstream processing<br />

of plasmid DNA for gene therapy and DNA vaccine applications (2000). Trends<br />

Biotechnol. 18, 380–388.<br />

3. Scherman D. Towards non viral gene therapy (2001). Bull. Acad. Natl. Med. 185,<br />

1683–1697.<br />

4. Davis HL. Plasmid DNA expression systems for the purpose of immunization<br />

(1997). Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 8, 635–640.<br />

5. Levy MS, O’Kennedy RD, Ayazi-Shamlou P, Dunnill P. Biochemical engineering<br />

approaches to the challenges of producing pure plasmid DNA (2001). Trends<br />

Biotechnol. 18, 296–305.<br />

6. Diogo MM, Ribeiro SC, Queiroz JA, Monteiro GA, Tordo N, Perrin P, Prazeres<br />

DMF. Production, purification and analysis of an experimental DNA vaccine<br />

against rabies (2001). J. Gene Med. 3, 577–584.<br />

7. Johansen P, Raynaud C, Yang M, Colston MJ, Tascon RE, Lowrie DB. Antimycobacterial<br />

immunity induced by a single injection of M. leprae Hsp65-encoding<br />

plasmid DNA in biodegradable microspheres (2003). Immunol. Lett. 90, 81–85.

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