Next Generation Mobile Network - WorkShop

Next Generation
Mobile Networks
Presented by: Avi Patir
November 15, 2007

The Expansion of Broadband

Growth in Broadband
18% average annual growth (2006-2010)
» Broadband penetration in
Europe is currently 25% with a
Y/Y growth of 43% over the
past two years
» In Asia Pacific, broadband
infiltration is only 11%, but Y/Y
growth is 58%
Active subscriptions (million)
Worldwide Broadband Subscriber Growth
500
50%
416
400
350
40%
299
300 258
30%
218
200 22%
20%
18%
19%
16%
17%
100
10%
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Total BB Subscribers
%YoY Growth
0%
Source: Motorola and Infonetics, May 2006

I Am Stuck At Home

I Want My Stuff To Go With Me

Multi Media Mobile Device
WWAN VoIP WWAN VoIP WWAN VoIP
Bluetooth TM WWAN Data WWAN Data
WWAN VoIP
WWAN Data
WWAN VoIP
WWAN Data
Bluetooth TM
GPS
MediaFLO
Wi-Fi
Bluetooth TM
Bluetooth TM
Voice call to
sales manager
While on call,
checks email and
downloads
presentation with
latest sales figures
Checks location
and directions to
client’s office
Watches game on
MediaFLO and has
a group chat with
friends
At home, playing
multiplayer 3D
game, using Wi-Fi
to send video to
nearby display

Rise of Wireless Broadband
Wireless broadband will liberate our connections
Making them wireless and making them mobile
• Globally, mobile surpassed
fixed lines in 2002
• By 2003 mobile had attained
near 40% of telecom service
revenues
Worldwide Broadband Subscriber Forecast
Wireline vs. Wireless
Wireline Broadband
Wireless Broadband
• Mobile data revenues are
projected to experience a 20%
CAGR with significant portion
of revenues from mobile
access to information and
entertainment
5M
2%
213M
98%
2006
343M
82%
2010
73M
18%
Source: Motorola and Infonetics, May 2006

Future Mobile Network
Characteristics

4G Mobile Networks
A spectrally efficient system (in bits/s/Hz and bit/s/Hz/site)
High network capacity: more simultaneous users per cell
A nominal data rate of 100 Mbit/s while the client
physically moves at high speeds (>100 Km/h) relative to
the station, and 1 Gbit/s while client and station are in
relatively fixed positions
A data rate of at least 100 Mbit/s between any two points
in the world
Smooth handoff across heterogeneous networks
Seamless connectivity and global roaming across multiple
networks
High quality of service for next generation multimedia
support (real time audio, high speed data, HDTV video
content, mobile TV, etc)
Interoperability with existing wireless standards, and
An all IP, packet switched network

Trending Toward Broadband IP-Based Systems
CDMA-3GPP2
ANSI-41 Ckt MSC
WIN HLR
ISUP
cdma2000
Circuit based
Legacy Architecture
1X
802.11b
802.11a/g
MSS/HLR
Packet based
Legacy Architecture
EV-DO
802.16e
EV-DO-A
Packet based
EV-DO-B
Multimedia
IOS V5.0
LMSD
WiMAX
UMB
Voice
Core
Packet
Core
GSM-3GPP
GSM-MAP
CAMEL
ISUP
GSM
CktMSC
HLR
GPRS
EDGE
HSUPA
HSDPA 802.16e
802.11a/g 802.20
WCDMA
DVB
802.11b
Circuit based
Legacy Architecture
MSS/HLR
Packet based
Legacy Architecture
UMTS R5 CS
LTE
Voice
Core
Multi-Mode
Mobiles
SIP-Mobiles Home Gateways
WiFi Mobiles
Now
Time
Terminals

Dynamic Industry Evolution
Today’s wireless technologies
evolving to tomorrow’s next generation platforms
70
Market size by technology
60
$ Billions
50
40
30
20
802.16e / WiMAX
LTE
UMTS
GSM
UMB
CDMA
10
0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Increasing Technology
Leverage
Classic Design
Future
Wireless
Voice
Vertical
Features
Transport
Switch
Radio
Controller
Base
Stations
Wireline
Voice
Vertical
Features
Transport
Class 4
Switching
Class 5
Switching
POTS
Phone
Video
Vertical
Features
Content
Transport
Cable
Box
Analog
TV
Data
Vertical
Features
Content
Transport
Dial-Up
Computer
Wireless/Wireline Voice
Video
Internet Video Access
Entertainment
Applications
VoIP Core
Operator Services
Internet Protocol (IP)
Broadband Connection
Guides / Directories

Broadband Applications

NG Mobile Networks
Technologies
System Characteristics
• All IP
• Convergence
• E2E QOS
• Seamless Mobility
• Flat Network
Enabling Technologies
• OFDMA
• MIMO
• Smart Antenna
• Mobile IP

Mobile WiMAX

The Need For Speed
Data Downloaded (5 MegaBytes)
Typical
Peak Rate
GPRS
EDGE
WCDMA
DSL
Cable
EV/DO-A
HSDPA
80 Kbps
128 Kbps
384 Kbps
1.5 Mbps
3.0 Mbps
3.1 Mbps
3.6 Mbps
WiMAX
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 MB
11 Mbps
* 5 MHz, TDD
SMS
Email Internet
Browsing
Java
Game
Email
Attachment
Music File
Downloads
Video File
Downloads

Standard
IEEE 802.16 is the standard.
WiMAX is the name.
The WiMAX label was introduced by
the WiMAX Forum to promote the 802.16
family of standards
802.16
(2001)
Line-of-Sight (LOS)
10-66 GHz
802.16c
(2002)
802.16a
(2003)
Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS)
2-11 GHz
802.16d
(Oct 2004)
802.16e
(Dec 2005)

Profiles
Motorola is a board member of the WiMAX Forum
and has participation in every working group
WiMAX Forum specifies profiles for 802.16-2004 and 802.16e
“802.16 Standards
Compliant”
WiMAX Forum
Certified
IEEE
802.16e
Fixed / Mobile
WiMAX Profiles
(To be finalized in 2H 2006)
128-2048 FFT Scaleable OFDMA
Focus on 2.5, 3.5, 5.8 GHz
IEEE
802.16d
Fixed
WiMAX Profiles
256 FFT OFDM
3.5 GHz with 4 Variations:
FDD: 3.5 MHz, 7.0 MHz Channels
TDD: 3.5 MHz, 7.0 MHz Channels
5.8 GHz: 10 MHz Ch; TDD

Spectrum
Motorola is working with global regulators to drive
frequency allocations and harmonize spectrum
Spectral allocations for wireless broadband vary by region; preliminary
profiles focused on 2.5 GHz, 3.5 GHz & 5.8 GHz
US WCS
2.305 – 2.32 GHz
2.345-2.36 GHz
3.3 – 3.4 GHz 3.6 – 3.8 GHz
WRC
5.47 – 5.725 GHz
MDS
2.5 – 2.69 GHz
2.7 – 2.9 GHz
3.5 GHz Band
3.4 – 3.6 GHz
Low/Mid UNII
Band
5.15 – 5.35 GHz
Upper UNII Band
5.725 – 5.85 GHz
3.3-3.4 GHz India, China
3.5 GHz W. Europe, LAC
3.6-3.85 GHz E. Europe, Canada, LAC
5.725 – 5.850 GHz Russia
2.5 GHz US, Singapore, Malaysia,
Japan
Current WiMAX (Rev D) Profiles
Potential Future WiMAX Profiles

Mobile WiMAX
System Characteristics

All IP
All existing IP applications will work over WiMAX networks
Throughput and latency stringent applications (VoIP,
streaming video, gaming, etc.) will work better
Motorola solutions easily fits into an existing wired or wireless
application framework
TODAY: 2G & 3G
PSTN
Internet
FUTURE MODEL
SGSN
MSS
PSTN
Internet
Border Gateway and
Home Agent
IMS
Base Station
Controllers
Operator’s
IP Network
CAP
Controller
Base Stations
Access Points

Simplified Backhaul Network
Traditional Wireless
WiMAX
Internet
PSTN
Internet
PDSN or
GGSN/SSGN
MSC
T1s
Base Station
Controller
Simpler
lower-cost
all-IP
RF networks
ASN
Gateway
Base Stations
WiMAX
Access Points

Mesh Networking
(BS)
(Subscriber Station)
(SS)
(SS)
(SS)
(BS)

Light Infrastructure Benefits
Traditional Cellular
Infrastructure
Light Infrastructure
Antennas Separate Modular
Active Elements Many Few
Civil Works Tower Pole/Stand
Cooling A/C Convection/Fans
Cabling Analog Coax Digital
Real Estate Traditional Zero Footprint
Infrastructure Housing Temp Control Building All Outdoor
Power Kilowatts Watts
Backhaul T1s Wireless IP
Installation Tools Heavy Equipment Hand Tools

Seamless Mobility

Mobile WiMAX
Enabling Technologies

OFDM Basics

Why the Focus on OFDM
The OFDM signal is able to support NLOS
performance while maintaining a high level of spectral
efficiency maximizing the available spectrum.
Superior NLOS performance enables significant
equalizer design simplification.
Supports operation in multi-path propagation
environments.
Usage of cyclic prefix provides additional multi-path
immunity as well as tolerance for time synchronization
errors.
Scalable bandwidths provide flexibility and potentially
reduces capital expense.

OFDM Basic Concept
OFDM is a multi-carrier modulation scheme that transmits
data over a number of orthogonal sub-carriers
A conventional transmission uses only a single carrier,
which is modulated with all the data to be sent
OFDM breaks the data to be sent in to small chunks,
allocating each sub-data stream to a sub-carrier and the
data is sent in parallel orthogonal sub-carriers.
FDM
OFDM

Orthogonality Principle
Two signals g 1 (t) and g 2 (t) are said to be orthogonal over the period Ts if:
s g 1
(t) g 2
(t)
PEAK
For example:
T
∫ s
0
j 2π
f t − j 2π
f t
p
q
e . e d t = 0
ZERO
for p ≠ q, where f k =k/T

OFDM Spectral Overlap
Conventional Frequency Division Multiplex (FDM) Multi-carrier Modulation Technique
OFDM subcarriers have a sinc (sin(x)/x) frequency response resulting in
overlap in the frequency domain. This overlap does however not cause any
interference due to the orthogonality of the subcarriers.
Saving of the bandwidth
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) Multi-carrier Modulation Technique
The OFDM receiver uses a time and frequency synchronized FFT to convert the OFDM time waveform back into
the frequency domain. In this process the FFT picks up discrete frequency samples, corresponding to just the
peaks of the carriers. At these frequencies, all other carriers pass through zero amplitude eliminating any
interference between the subcarriers.

Multipath and OFDM
OFDM Offers Advantage in Frequency Selective Fading
Environments
Channel Response
Only a few subcarriers are lost due to fading. This can be
overcome with proper channel coding.

More Multipath
Mitigation…Cyclic Prefix
Delay spread exceeds symbol time
Add a gap to capture delay spread
Can’t have gaps in transmission…copy part of symbol and put it in the front

Advanced Antennas Technologies
MIMO Matrix A
Space Time Block Coding (STBC)
MIMO Matrix B
Spatial Multiplexing (MIMO-SM)
MRT & Beamforming
Interferer
Data Stream A
Data Stream A
WiMAX
Subscriber A
WiMAX
Subscriber B
Interferer
Data Stream A
Data Stream B
Enhancing Coverage
Improving Capacity
Directing the radiation pattern

Smart Antenna Technique
8-Rx MRC in the Uplink
• 9-12dB additional UL gain from coherent combining & Rx
diversity
4-Tx Single-Stream in the Downlink
• Coherent frequency-selective transmit beamforming using
Uplink Channel Sounding feature of 802.16e
• Additional 6dB DL gain from additional TX power
• Approximately 6dB to 12dB additional DL coherent gain
• Minimal impact on subscriber device design
x 1
(k)
y 1
(k)
v 1
(k)
w 1
(k)
x 2
(k)
y 2
(k)
s(k) Σ z(k)
v 2
(k)
w 2
(k)
x MT
(k)
y MR
(k)
v MT
(k)
w MR
(k)

Diversity Technique
2-RX MRC in the Uplink
• Expect 3-5dB gain over single receive
antenna
2-TX Alamouti Diversity in the Downlink
• Expect 3dB gain from doubling TX power
• Expect 1-3dB additional TX diversity gain
BS
Subchannel
Modulation
IFTT
Input
Packing
TX
Diversity
Encoder
IFTT
IFTT
Filter
Filter
DAC
DAC
RF
RF
SS
RF
ADC
Filter
IFTT
Diversity
Combiner
Subchannel
Demodulator
Loglikelihood
Ratios
Decoder

Mobile IP Basics

The benefit of Mobile IP
“
“Mobile IP provides an IP node the ability to
retain the same IP address and maintain
uninterrupted network and application
connectivity while traveling across
networks ”
”

The Problem with Mobility
“Connect to
171.68.69.24”
Gateway A
171.68.0.0
Internet
Host B
Gateway C
140.31.0.0
Mobile Router
171.68.69.0
171.68.70.0 Mobile Router
171.68.69.0
• Gateway C blocks router from joining network
• Gateway A replies to Host B with an ICMP unreachable
• Routing Protocol rejects duplicate network advertisements
171.68.70.0
X
SEND

Mobile IP Solution
Mobile Router
171.68.69.0
Mobility Binding Table:
MR
CoA
171.68.69.0 140.31.2.1
Home Agent
171.68.60.1
Internet
171.68.70.0 Mobile Router
171.68.69.0
171.68.70.0
Host B
Foreign Agent
COA 140.31.2.1
• Mobile Router sends Registration Request [RRQ] to Home Agent (HA)
• Home Agent forwards packets to Mobile Router via Care of Address [CoA]

Mobile IP Terminology
MN
HA
HA, Home Agent
Internet
Maintains an association between the
MN’s “home” IP address and its care of
address (loaned address) on the
foreign network
Redirects and tunnels packets to the
care of address on the foreign network
COA
MN
CN
MN, Mobile Node
FA
FA, Foreign Agent
An IP host that maintains network
connectivity using its “home” IP address,
regardless of which subnet (or network) it
is connected to
CN, Correspondent Node
Destination IP host in session with
a Mobile Node
Provides an addressable point of
attachment to the MN called Care Of
Address (COA)
Maintains an awareness for all
visiting MNs
Acts as a ‘relay’ between the MN and
its Home Agent
Receives all packets for the MN from
the MN’s Home Agent

Thank You