A Review of Building Evacuation Models - NIST Virtual Library

the FED model by Purser. This includes monitoring the dose of CO, HCN, CO 2 , low O 2 , and
high temperature. Any obscuring effects of smoke are described by the visibility of particular
spaces in the building and affect walking speed based on data from Jin 52 , and turn back behavior
probability based on data from Bryan and Wood 53 .
Output: The output involves evacuation
times plus detailed information on the
structure and bottleneck/congestion
situations that lead to egress delays.
Because of the use of the Monte Carlo
technique in specifying behavioral
responses of the occupants, mean egress
times along with their corresponding
variances and confidence limits are
obtained.
Use of fire data: ASERI is used in
conjunction with the field model
KOBRA-3D that simulates the fire and smoke
spread throughout the space. Individual
incapacitation can be calculated based on the FED
model by Purser. ASERI includes
dose-effect relations for CO, HCN,
CO 2 , low O 2 and heat. Also modeled
are the effects of smoke movement on
visibility, speed, and exit route choice.
The user can also enter timedependent
temperatures and
concentrations of smoke, CO, CO2,
O2, and HCN for each unit in the
building. The smoke concentrations
are expressed in terms of visibility.
Figure A.15: ASERI visualization of a
48, p. 45
simulation
Import CAD drawings: A preprocessor
was intended to be available
for licensees at the present time that
converts standard CAD formats into
ASERI input.
Visualization capabilities: 2-D or 3-
D visualization of the movement of
the evacuees, as shown in Figure A.15
and A.16.
Figure A.16: ASERI visualization of the theater
50, p. 7
simulation
Validation studies: The first validation test involves an unannounced evacuation from a theater
in the City of Tampere in 1995, as shown in Figure A.16. The theater contained over 600
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