A Review of Building Evacuation Models - NIST Virtual Library

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15. Hoffman, N. A. & Henson, D. A. (1997). Simulating Emergency Evacuation in Stations. In APTA Rapid Transit Conference Washington, DC: American Public Transit Association. 16. Hoffman, N. A. & Henson, D. A. (1997). Simulating Transient Evacuation and Pedestrian Movement in Stations. In 3rd International Conference on Mass Transit Management Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 17. Hoffman, N. A. & Henson, D. A. (1998). Analysis of the Evacuation of a Crush Loaded Train in a Tunnel. In 3rd International Conference on Safety in Road and Rail Tunnels Nice, France. 18. TraffGO product information - PedGo. (2005). Pamphlet 19. Klupfel, H. & Meyer- König, T. (2003). Characteristics of the PedGo Software for Crowd Movement and Egress Simulation. In 2nd International Conference in Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics (PED) (pp. 331-340). London, U.K.: University of Greenwich. 20. Meyer- König, T., Klupfel, H., & Schreckenberg, M. (2001). A microscopic model for simulating mustering and evacuation process onboard passenger ships. In Proceedings of the International Emergency Management Society Conference. 21. Pedestrian Planning for the Olympic Park Railway Station, Sydney - Transport planning for the Olympic Games (2004). http://www.arup.com/insite/feature.cfmfeatureid=38 [On-line]. 22. PAXPORT and PEDROUTE brochures (2004). http://www.halcrow.com [On-line]. 23. Barton, J. and Leather, J. (1995). Paxport -- Passenger and Crowd Simulation. Passenger Terminal '95, 71-77. 24. Buckmann, L. T. & Leather, J. (1994). Modelling Station Congestion the PEDROUTE Way. Traffic Engineering and Control, 35, 373-377. 25. Clifford, P. & du Sautoy, C. Pedestrian and Passenger Activity Modeling. Vineyard House, 22 Brook Green, Hammershith, London, Halcrow Fox. Generic 26. du Sautoy, C. (5-16-2003). Internet Communication 27. Transport Strategies Limited (2004). A Guide to Transport Demand Forecast Models: PEDROUTE & PAXPORT. http://www.tsl.dircon.co.uk/dempedroute.htm [Online]. 28. IES. (2000). Simulex Technical Reference; Evacuation Modeling Software. Integrated Environmental Solutions, Inc. Generic 24
29. IES. (2001). Simulex User Manual; Evacuation Modeling Software. Integrated Environmental Solutions, Inc. Generic 30. Thompson, P. A. & Marchant, E. W. (1994). Simulex; Developing New Computer Modelling Techniques for Evaluation. In Fire Safety Science -- Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium (pp. 613-624). 31. Thompson, P. A. & Marchant, E. W. (1995). A Computer Model for the Evacuationof Large Building Populations. Fire Safety Journal, 24, 131-148. 32. Thompson, P. A. & Marchant, E. W. (1995). Testing and Application of the Computer Model 'SIMULEX'. Fire Safety Journal, 24, 149-166. 33. Thompson, P. A. (1995). Developing New Techniques for Modelling Crowd Movement. PhD Department of Building and Environmental Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Scotland. 34. Thompson, P. A., Wu, J., & Marchant, E. W. (1996). Modelling Evacuation in Multi-storey Buildings with Simulex. Fire Engineering, 56, 7-11. 35. Thompson, P. A. (2003). Internet Communication 36. Bensilum, M. & Purser, D. A. (2002). Gridflow: an object-oriented building evacuation model combining pre-movement and movement behaviours for performance-based design. In 7th International Symposium on Fire Safety Science Worcester, MA: Worcester Polytechnic Institute. 37. ASERI (Advance Simulation of Evacuation of Real Individuals) A model to simulate evacuation and egress movement based on individual behavoural response (2004). http://www.ist-net.de [On-line]. 38. Schneider, V. (2001). Application of the Individual-Based Evacuation Model ASERI in Designing Safety Concepts. In 2nd International Symposium on Human Behaviour in Fire (pp. 41-51). Boston, MA. 39. Schneider, V. & Konnecke, R. (2001). Simulating Evacuation Processes with ASERI. In Tagungsband International Conference on Pedestrian Evacuation Dynamics (PED) Duisburg. 40. Schneider, V. (5-19-2003). Internet Communication 41. Gwynne, S., Galea, E. R., Lawrence, P., & Filippidis, L. (1998). A Systematic Comparison of Model Predictions Produced by the buildingEXODUS Evacuation Model and the Tsukuba Pavilion Evacuation Data. Applied Fire Science, 7, 235-266. 42. Gwynne, S., Galea, E. R., Owen, M., Lawrence, P., & Filippidis, L. (1998). A Comparison of Predictions from the buildingEXODUS Evacuation Model with Experimental Data. In J. Shields (Ed.), (pp. 711-721). University of Ulster. 25
Page 1: Technical Note 1471 A Review of Bui
Page 4 and 5: Disclaimer Certain commercial entit
Page 6 and 7: Tables Table 1. Overall features of
Page 9 and 10: A Review of Building Evacuation Mod
Page 11 and 12: 2 Features of Egress Models This re
Page 13 and 14: The current model categories for pu
Page 15 and 16: • Inter-person distance (ID): Eac
Page 17 and 18: 2.11 Validation The models are also
Page 19 and 20: (2-D): 2-Dimension visualization av
Page 21 and 22: Table 1. Overall features of egress
Page 23 and 24: Table 2. Models Available to the Pu
Page 25 and 26: Table 4. Models Not Yet Released Ch
Page 27 and 28: 3.2 Overview of Model Features The
Page 29 and 30: If the user has a project that invo
Page 31: 5 References 1. Custer, R. L. P. &
Page 35 and 36: 57. Fraser-Mitchell, J. (2001). Sim
Page 37: 86. Okazaki, S. & Matsushita, S. (2
Page 40 and 41: Models Publicly Available A.1 Egres
Page 42 and 43: Use of fire data: None. Output: The
Page 44 and 45: y the arc), which is calculated by
Page 46 and 47: A.3 TIMTEX Developer: S.S. Harringt
Page 48 and 49: A.4 WAYOUT Developer: V.O. Shestopa
Page 50 and 51: A.5 STEPS Developer: Mott MacDonald
Page 52 and 53: Occupants can also be introduced in
Page 54 and 55: A.6 PedGo Developer: TraffGo Purpos
Page 56 and 57: Any interaction between the occupan
Page 58 and 59: A.7 PEDROUTE and PAXPORT Developer:
Page 60 and 61: Limitations: No individual consider
Page 62 and 63: Occupant movement: From the Simulex
Page 64 and 65: Body Type Table A.5: Body sizes for
Page 66 and 67: Table A.6: Validation study results
Page 68 and 69: A.9 GridFlow Developer: D. Purser &
Page 70 and 71: adjusts the FED susceptibility of e
Page 72 and 73: A.10 ASERI Developer: V. Schneider,
Page 74 and 75: the FED model by Purser. This inclu
Page 76 and 77: parameters yields realistic results
Page 78 and 79: A.11 buildingEXODUS Developer: E. G
Page 80 and 81: higher potential for a short time d
Page 82 and 83:
level includes the movie player, da
Page 84 and 85:
• Occupants stop investigating if
Page 86 and 87:
A.13 Legion Developer: Legion Inter
Page 88 and 89:
• Qualitative reproduction of eme
Page 90 and 91:
Validation studies: No publications
Page 92 and 93:
Special features: Route choice of t
Page 94 and 95:
Table A.8: Fruin data and correspon
Page 96 and 97:
Validation studies: Validation was
Page 98 and 99:
Table A.12: Building/Occupant chara
Page 100 and 101:
A.18 CRISP3 Developer: J. Fraser-Mi
Page 102 and 103:
maximum value. Lastly, the lower di
Page 104 and 105:
A.19 EGRESS Developer: N. Ketchell,
Page 106 and 107:
Movement algorithm The unimpeded me
Page 108 and 109:
Disabilities/slow occupant groups -
Page 110 and 111:
Occupant movement: Cellular automat
Page 112 and 113:
graphical format in the article in
Page 114 and 115:
not gained, and this is labeled as
Page 116 and 117:
A.22 EXIT89 Developer: R.F. Fahy, N
Page 118 and 119:
evacuation time and the number of o
Page 120 and 121:
the ceiling. This is the same metho
Page 122 and 123:
factor,” the current goal is chan
Page 124 and 125:
Use of fire data: The model can acc
Page 126 and 127:
• Physical scale - This scale is
Page 128 and 129:
• Free - elevator is idle Use of
Page 130 and 131:
are applied to the entire populatio
Page 132 and 133:
A.26 EgressPro Developer: P. Simenk
Page 134 and 135:
A.27 BFIRES-2 Developer: F. Stahl,
Page 136 and 137:
types of subroutines consist of tho
Page 138 and 139:
• Boundaries of room subdivisions
Page 140 and 141:
Fire Influence Smoke Influence Prox
Page 142 and 143:
Model Availability Unknown A.29 Mag
Page 144 and 145:
A.30 E-SCAPE Developer: E. Reisser-
Page 146 and 147:
affected by the movement of others,
Page 148 and 149:
A.31 References 1. Nelson, H. E. (2
Page 150 and 151:
28. Barton, J. and Leather, J. (199
Page 152 and 153:
57. Gwynne, S., Galea, E. R., Lawre
Page 154 and 155:
86. Lo, S. M. & Fang, Z. (2000). A
Page 156:
115. Gwynne, S. & Galea, E. R. (200
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