A Review of Building Evacuation Models - NIST Virtual Library

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57. Gwynne, S., Galea, E. R., Lawrence, P., & Filippidis, L. (2000). Modelling Occupant Interaction with Fire Conditions Using the buildingEXODUS Evacuation Model (Rep. No. 00/IM/54). London: University of Greenwich. 58. Gwynne, S. (2003). Internet Communication 59. Gwynne, S. & Galea, E. R. (2004). A Review of Methodologies and Critical Appraisal of Computer Models Used in the Simulation of Evacuation from the Built Environment Bethesda, MD: Soceity of Fire Protection Engineers. 60. Fruin, J. J. (1987). Pedestrain Planning and Design. (Revised Edition ed.) Mobile, AL: Elevator World, Inc. 61. Purser, D. A. (2002). Toxicity Assessment of Combustion Products. In P.J.DiNenno & C. L. Beyler (Eds.), The SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering (Third ed., pp. 2-83-2-171). Bethesda, MD: Society of Fire Protection Engineers. 62. Gwynne, S., Galea, E. R., Owen, M., & Lawrence, P. (1998). Validation of the buildingEXODUS Evacuation Model (Rep. No. 98/IM/29). London: University of Greenwich. 63. Levin, B. M. (1988). EXITT: A Simulation Model of Occupant Decisions and Actions in Residential Fires (Rep. No. NBSIR 88-3753). Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 64. Levin, B. M. (1988). EXITT - A Simulation Model of Occupant Decisions and Actions in Residential Fires. In Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the Second International Symposium (pp. 561-570). 65. Nober, E. H., Pierce, H., Well, A. D., Johnson, C. C., & Clifton, C. (1981). Waking Effectiveness of Household Smoke and Fire Detection Devices. Fire Journal, 75, 86-91. 66. Legion International, L. (2003). http://www.legion.biz/system/research.cfm. http://www.legion.biz/system/research.cfm [On-line]. 67. Williams, A. (2005). Go with the Flow. The Architect's Journal. 68. Kagarlis, M. A. (2004). Movement of an autonomous entity through an environment. WO 2004/023347 A2. Patent 69. Cappuccio, J. (2000). Pathfinder: A Computer-Based Timed Egress Simulation. Fire Protection Engineering, 8, 11-12. 70. Caro, A. C. & Miller, J. A. (2002). Computer-Based Exiting Design. http://www.rjagroup.com/rja/ecorner/caro&miller_std_0702.htm [On-line]. Available: http://www.rjagroup.com/rja/ecorner/caro&miller_std_0702.htm 71. Cappuccio, J. (4-3-2003). Internet Communication A-114
72. Kendik, E. (1995). Methods of Design for Means of Egress: Towards a Quantitative Comparison of National Code Requirements. In Fire Safety Science -- Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium (pp. 497-511). 73. Still, G. K. (2004). VEgAS (Virtual Egress and Analysis System). http://www.crowddynamics.com [On-line]. Available: http://www.crowddynamics.com 74. Still, G. K. (2003). Internet Communication 75. http://www.cibprogram.dbce.csiro.au/program/survey_view.cfmS_ID=55 (2003). http://www.cibprogram.dbce.csiro.au/program/survey_view.cfmS_ID=55 [Online]. 76. Jensen, G. (2003). Internet Communication 77. Heskestad, A. W. & Meland, O. J. (1998). Determination of Evacuation Times as a Function of Occupant and Building Characteristics and Performance of Evacuation Measures. In Human Behaviour in Fire -- Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium (pp. 673-680). 78. Boyce, K., Fraser-Mitchell, J., & Shields, J. (1998). Survey Analysis and Modelling of Office Evacuation Using the CRISP Model. In T. J. Shields (Ed.), Human Behaviour in Fire -- Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium (pp. 691-702). 79. Fraser-Mitchell, J. (2001). Simulated Evacuations of an Airport Terminal Building, Using the CRISP Model. In 2nd International Symposium in Human Behaviour in Fire (pp. 89-100). Boston, MA. 80. Fraser-Mitchell, J. (2003). 'CRISP' Fire Risk Assessment by Simulation. Presentation given at the University of Greenwich. Generic 81. Fraser-Mitchell, J. (2003). Internet Communication 82. Ketchell, N., Cole, S. S., & Webber, D. M. (1994). The EGRESS Code for Human Movement and Behaviour in Emergency Evacuation. In R.A.Smith & J. F. Dickie (Eds.), Engineering for Crowd Safety (pp. 361-370). London: Elsevier. 83. Ketchell, N., Bamford, G. J., & Kandola, B. (1995). Evacuation Modelling: A New Approach. In ASIAFLAM '95, Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Fire Science and Engineering (pp. 499-505). 84. AEA Technology (2002). A Technical Summary of the AEA EGRESS Code Warrington, UK: AEA Technology. 85. Lo, S. M., Fang, Z., & Zhi, G. S. (2004). An Evacuation Model: the SGEM package. Fire Safety Journal, 169-190. A-115
Page 1:
Technical Note 1471 A Review of Bui
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Disclaimer Certain commercial entit
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Tables Table 1. Overall features of
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A Review of Building Evacuation Mod
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2 Features of Egress Models This re
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The current model categories for pu
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• Inter-person distance (ID): Eac
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2.11 Validation The models are also
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(2-D): 2-Dimension visualization av
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Table 1. Overall features of egress
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Table 2. Models Available to the Pu
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Table 4. Models Not Yet Released Ch
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3.2 Overview of Model Features The
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If the user has a project that invo
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5 References 1. Custer, R. L. P. &
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29. IES. (2001). Simulex User Manua
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57. Fraser-Mitchell, J. (2001). Sim
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86. Okazaki, S. & Matsushita, S. (2
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Models Publicly Available A.1 Egres
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Use of fire data: None. Output: The
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y the arc), which is calculated by
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A.3 TIMTEX Developer: S.S. Harringt
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A.4 WAYOUT Developer: V.O. Shestopa
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A.5 STEPS Developer: Mott MacDonald
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Occupants can also be introduced in
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A.6 PedGo Developer: TraffGo Purpos
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Any interaction between the occupan
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A.7 PEDROUTE and PAXPORT Developer:
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Limitations: No individual consider
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Occupant movement: From the Simulex
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Body Type Table A.5: Body sizes for
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Table A.6: Validation study results
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A.9 GridFlow Developer: D. Purser &
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adjusts the FED susceptibility of e
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A.10 ASERI Developer: V. Schneider,
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the FED model by Purser. This inclu
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parameters yields realistic results
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A.11 buildingEXODUS Developer: E. G
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higher potential for a short time d
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level includes the movie player, da
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• Occupants stop investigating if
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A.13 Legion Developer: Legion Inter
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• Qualitative reproduction of eme
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Validation studies: No publications
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Special features: Route choice of t
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Table A.8: Fruin data and correspon
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Validation studies: Validation was
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Table A.12: Building/Occupant chara
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A.18 CRISP3 Developer: J. Fraser-Mi
Page 102 and 103: maximum value. Lastly, the lower di
Page 104 and 105: A.19 EGRESS Developer: N. Ketchell,
Page 106 and 107: Movement algorithm The unimpeded me
Page 108 and 109: Disabilities/slow occupant groups -
Page 110 and 111: Occupant movement: Cellular automat
Page 112 and 113: graphical format in the article in
Page 114 and 115: not gained, and this is labeled as
Page 116 and 117: A.22 EXIT89 Developer: R.F. Fahy, N
Page 118 and 119: evacuation time and the number of o
Page 120 and 121: the ceiling. This is the same metho
Page 122 and 123: factor,” the current goal is chan
Page 124 and 125: Use of fire data: The model can acc
Page 126 and 127: • Physical scale - This scale is
Page 128 and 129: • Free - elevator is idle Use of
Page 130 and 131: are applied to the entire populatio
Page 132 and 133: A.26 EgressPro Developer: P. Simenk
Page 134 and 135: A.27 BFIRES-2 Developer: F. Stahl,
Page 136 and 137: types of subroutines consist of tho
Page 138 and 139: • Boundaries of room subdivisions
Page 140 and 141: Fire Influence Smoke Influence Prox
Page 142 and 143: Model Availability Unknown A.29 Mag
Page 144 and 145: A.30 E-SCAPE Developer: E. Reisser-
Page 146 and 147: affected by the movement of others,
Page 148 and 149: A.31 References 1. Nelson, H. E. (2
Page 150 and 151: 28. Barton, J. and Leather, J. (199
Page 154 and 155: 86. Lo, S. M. & Fang, Z. (2000). A
Page 156: 115. Gwynne, S. & Galea, E. R. (200
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