A Review of Building Evacuation Models - NIST Virtual Library

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28. Barton, J. and Leather, J. (1995). Paxport -- Passenger and Crowd Simulation. Passenger Terminal '95, 71-77. 29. Buckmann, L. T. & Leather, J. (1994). Modelling Station Congestion the PEDROUTE Way. Traffic Engineering and Control, 35, 373-377. 30. Clifford, P. & du Sautoy, C. Pedestrian and Passenger Activity Modeling. Vineyard House, 22 Brook Green, Hammershith, London, Halcrow Fox. Generic 31. du Sautoy, C. (5-16-2003). Internet Communication 32. Transport Strategies Limited (2004). A Guide to Transport Demand Forecast Models: PEDROUTE & PAXPORT. http://www.tsl.dircon.co.uk/dempedroute.htm [Online]. 33. Simulex Technical Reference, Evacuation Modeling Software (2001). Integrated Environmental Solutions, Inc. (IES). 34. Simulex User Manual, Evacuation Modeling Software (2001). Integrated Environmental Solutions, Inc. (IES). 35. Thompson, P. A. & Marchant, E. W. (1994). Simulex; Developing New Computer Modelling Techniques for Evaluation. In Fire Safety Science -- Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium (pp. 613-624). 36. Thompson, P. A. & Marchant, E. W. (1995). A Computer Model for the Evacuationof Large Building Populations. Fire Safety Journal, 24, 131-148. 37. Thompson, P. A. (1995). Developing New Techniques for Modelling Crowd Movement. PhD Department of Building and Environmental Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Scotland. 38. Thompson, P. A. & Marchant, E. W. (1995). Testing and Application of the Computer Model 'SIMULEX'. Fire Safety Journal, 24, 149-166. 39. Thompson, P. A., Wu, J., & Marchant, E. W. (1996). Modelling Evacuation in Multi-storey Buildings with Simulex. Fire Engineering, 56, 7-11. 40. Thompson, P. A. (2003). Internet Communication 41. http://www.ies4d.com/content/default.asppage=s1_2_1 (2004). http://www.ies4d.com/content/default.asppage=s1_2_1 [On-line]. 42. Gwynne, S., Galea, E. R., Owen, M., & Lawrence, P. (1998). Further Validation of the buildingEXODUS Evacuation Model Using the Tsukuba Dataset (Rep. No. 98/IM/31). London: University of Greenwich. A-112
43. Olsson, P. A. & Regan, M. A. (1998). A Comparison Between Actual and Predicted Evacuation Times. In Human Behaviour in Fire -- Proceedings of teh 1st International Symposium (pp. 461-468). 44. NFPA 101, Life Safety Code Handbook (2000). Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association. 45. Fire safety engineering in buildings. Part 1. Guide to the application of fire safety engineering principles, Draft for development (1997). (Rep. No. BSI-DD240, ISBN 0-580-27952-9). UK: British Standards Institute (BSI). 46. Bensilum, M. & Purser, D. A. (2002). Gridflow: an object-oriented building evacuation model combining pre-movement and movement behaviours for performance-based design. In 7th International Symposium on Fire Safety Science Worcester, MA: Worcester Polytechnic Institute. 47. Purser, D. A. (5-14-2003). Internet Communication 48. Schneider, V. (2001). Application of the Individual-Based Evacuation Model ASERI in Designing Safety Concepts. In 2nd International Symposium on Human Behaviour in Fire (pp. 41-51). Boston, MA. 49. ASERI (Advance Simulation of Evacuation of Real Individuals) A model to simulate evacuation and egress movement based on individual behavoural response (2004). http://www.ist-net.de [On-line]. 50. Schneider, V. & Konnecke, R. (2001). Simulating Evacuation Processes with ASERI. In Tagungsband International Conference on Pedestrian Evacuation Dynamics (PED) Duisburg. 51. Schneider, V. (5-19-2003). Internet Communication 52. Jin, T. (1997). Studies on Human Behavior and Tenability. In Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium (pp. 3-21). 53. Bryan, J. L. (2002). Behavioral Response to Fire and Smoke. In P.J.DiNenno & W. D. Walton (Eds.), The SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering (Third ed., pp. 3-315-3-340). Bethesda, MD: Society of Fire Protection Engineers. 54. Gwynne, S. & Galea, E. R. (2004). A Review of Methodologies and Critical Appraisal of Computer Models Used in the Simulation of Evacuation from the Built Environment Bethesda, MD: Soceity of Fire Protection Engineers. 55. Exodus Introduction (2003). http://fseg.gre.ac.uk/exodus/ [On-line]. 56. Gwynne, S., Galea, E. R., Lawrence, P., & Owen, M. (2001). Simulating Occupant Interaction with Smoke Using buildingEXODUS. In 2nd International Symposium on Human Behaviour in Fire (pp. 101-110). Boston, MA. A-113
Page 1:
Technical Note 1471 A Review of Bui
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Disclaimer Certain commercial entit
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Tables Table 1. Overall features of
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A Review of Building Evacuation Mod
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2 Features of Egress Models This re
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The current model categories for pu
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• Inter-person distance (ID): Eac
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2.11 Validation The models are also
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(2-D): 2-Dimension visualization av
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Table 1. Overall features of egress
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Table 2. Models Available to the Pu
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Table 4. Models Not Yet Released Ch
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3.2 Overview of Model Features The
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If the user has a project that invo
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5 References 1. Custer, R. L. P. &
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29. IES. (2001). Simulex User Manua
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57. Fraser-Mitchell, J. (2001). Sim
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86. Okazaki, S. & Matsushita, S. (2
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Models Publicly Available A.1 Egres
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Use of fire data: None. Output: The
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y the arc), which is calculated by
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A.3 TIMTEX Developer: S.S. Harringt
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A.4 WAYOUT Developer: V.O. Shestopa
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A.5 STEPS Developer: Mott MacDonald
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Occupants can also be introduced in
Page 54 and 55:
A.6 PedGo Developer: TraffGo Purpos
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Any interaction between the occupan
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A.7 PEDROUTE and PAXPORT Developer:
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Limitations: No individual consider
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Occupant movement: From the Simulex
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Body Type Table A.5: Body sizes for
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Table A.6: Validation study results
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A.9 GridFlow Developer: D. Purser &
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adjusts the FED susceptibility of e
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A.10 ASERI Developer: V. Schneider,
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the FED model by Purser. This inclu
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parameters yields realistic results
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A.11 buildingEXODUS Developer: E. G
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higher potential for a short time d
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level includes the movie player, da
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• Occupants stop investigating if
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A.13 Legion Developer: Legion Inter
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• Qualitative reproduction of eme
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Validation studies: No publications
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Special features: Route choice of t
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Table A.8: Fruin data and correspon
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Validation studies: Validation was
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Table A.12: Building/Occupant chara
Page 100 and 101: A.18 CRISP3 Developer: J. Fraser-Mi
Page 102 and 103: maximum value. Lastly, the lower di
Page 104 and 105: A.19 EGRESS Developer: N. Ketchell,
Page 106 and 107: Movement algorithm The unimpeded me
Page 108 and 109: Disabilities/slow occupant groups -
Page 110 and 111: Occupant movement: Cellular automat
Page 112 and 113: graphical format in the article in
Page 114 and 115: not gained, and this is labeled as
Page 116 and 117: A.22 EXIT89 Developer: R.F. Fahy, N
Page 118 and 119: evacuation time and the number of o
Page 120 and 121: the ceiling. This is the same metho
Page 122 and 123: factor,” the current goal is chan
Page 124 and 125: Use of fire data: The model can acc
Page 126 and 127: • Physical scale - This scale is
Page 128 and 129: • Free - elevator is idle Use of
Page 130 and 131: are applied to the entire populatio
Page 132 and 133: A.26 EgressPro Developer: P. Simenk
Page 134 and 135: A.27 BFIRES-2 Developer: F. Stahl,
Page 136 and 137: types of subroutines consist of tho
Page 138 and 139: • Boundaries of room subdivisions
Page 140 and 141: Fire Influence Smoke Influence Prox
Page 142 and 143: Model Availability Unknown A.29 Mag
Page 144 and 145: A.30 E-SCAPE Developer: E. Reisser-
Page 146 and 147: affected by the movement of others,
Page 148 and 149: A.31 References 1. Nelson, H. E. (2
Page 152 and 153: 57. Gwynne, S., Galea, E. R., Lawre
Page 154 and 155: 86. Lo, S. M. & Fang, Z. (2000). A
Page 156: 115. Gwynne, S. & Galea, E. R. (200
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