A Review of Building Evacuation Models - NIST Virtual Library

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A.26 EgressPro Developer: P. Simenko, SimCo Consulting, AU Purpose of the model: The purpose of this model is to predict egress times from a deterministic time-line analysis for a single user-selected room, corridor, and stair arrangement 11, 109 . The model is a tool for assessing egress conditions during fire emergencies in buildings. Availability to the public for use: The model was available through SimCo Consulting, although the developer has said that the model is over 6 years old and he is no longer selling it. Modeling method: This is a movement model. Structure of model: This is a coarse network system. The model acknowledges only a room, corridor, and stair arrangement. Perspective of model: The model views the occupants globally as a certain number of occupants per floor moving as a homogeneous mass to the exit. The occupants also view the building with a global perspective because there is only one exit to travel to. Occupant behavior: No behavior is modeled. Occupant movement: EgressPro models the process of egress movement by following the general concepts of traffic flow. The flow of groups is based on the relationship between speed of movement and the population density in the space. The occupant density (dependent upon the use of the space) can be chosen by the user from an input table and the program will multiply the density value by the room area, which determines the initial number of people in the room. Or, the user may simply choose the number of occupant in the space. Output: “Stair/Corridor Egress Time” is calculated as the output. This is the time interval from the time when the first occupant enters the stair to the time when the last occupant exits the final exit door. Use of fire data: User input of a specific fire. Import CAD drawings: No. The user supplies data to the model, such as each room/space geometry and egress door size. Also, the travel distance along the line of travel on the stair slope and the riser/tread geometry are entered by the user. Visualization capabilities: None. Validation studies: The model’s Help file is said to provide a case study that verifies EgressPro results. Access to the help file was not available. A-94
Special features: Fire conditions affect behavior Yes, the program calculates the time to alarm by calculating the time to detection of a t-squared fire. The detector is assumed to be located in an area so that it is exposed to the maximum ceiling jet velocity and temperature. Delays/pre-movement time – Yes, the pre-movement time is dependent upon the use of the building and the type of alarm present in the building. Delay values are obtained from DD-240 guide. From the write-up on the model, it seems that only 1 delay time is given for the entire population, instead of distributing a range throughout the population. Route choice of the occupants/occupant distribution – Only one choice is given to the occupants. Limitations: The model produces only a “time-line” calculation of movement throughout the room, corridor, and stair arrangement. A-95
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Technical Note 1471 A Review of Bui
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Disclaimer Certain commercial entit
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Tables Table 1. Overall features of
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A Review of Building Evacuation Mod
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2 Features of Egress Models This re
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The current model categories for pu
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• Inter-person distance (ID): Eac
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2.11 Validation The models are also
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(2-D): 2-Dimension visualization av
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Table 1. Overall features of egress
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Table 2. Models Available to the Pu
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Table 4. Models Not Yet Released Ch
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3.2 Overview of Model Features The
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If the user has a project that invo
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5 References 1. Custer, R. L. P. &
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29. IES. (2001). Simulex User Manua
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57. Fraser-Mitchell, J. (2001). Sim
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86. Okazaki, S. & Matsushita, S. (2
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Models Publicly Available A.1 Egres
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Use of fire data: None. Output: The
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y the arc), which is calculated by
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A.3 TIMTEX Developer: S.S. Harringt
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A.4 WAYOUT Developer: V.O. Shestopa
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A.5 STEPS Developer: Mott MacDonald
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Occupants can also be introduced in
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A.6 PedGo Developer: TraffGo Purpos
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Any interaction between the occupan
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A.7 PEDROUTE and PAXPORT Developer:
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Limitations: No individual consider
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Occupant movement: From the Simulex
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Body Type Table A.5: Body sizes for
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Table A.6: Validation study results
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A.9 GridFlow Developer: D. Purser &
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adjusts the FED susceptibility of e
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A.10 ASERI Developer: V. Schneider,
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the FED model by Purser. This inclu
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parameters yields realistic results
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A.11 buildingEXODUS Developer: E. G
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higher potential for a short time d
Page 82 and 83: level includes the movie player, da
Page 84 and 85: • Occupants stop investigating if
Page 86 and 87: A.13 Legion Developer: Legion Inter
Page 88 and 89: • Qualitative reproduction of eme
Page 90 and 91: Validation studies: No publications
Page 92 and 93: Special features: Route choice of t
Page 94 and 95: Table A.8: Fruin data and correspon
Page 96 and 97: Validation studies: Validation was
Page 98 and 99: Table A.12: Building/Occupant chara
Page 100 and 101: A.18 CRISP3 Developer: J. Fraser-Mi
Page 102 and 103: maximum value. Lastly, the lower di
Page 104 and 105: A.19 EGRESS Developer: N. Ketchell,
Page 106 and 107: Movement algorithm The unimpeded me
Page 108 and 109: Disabilities/slow occupant groups -
Page 110 and 111: Occupant movement: Cellular automat
Page 112 and 113: graphical format in the article in
Page 114 and 115: not gained, and this is labeled as
Page 116 and 117: A.22 EXIT89 Developer: R.F. Fahy, N
Page 118 and 119: evacuation time and the number of o
Page 120 and 121: the ceiling. This is the same metho
Page 122 and 123: factor,” the current goal is chan
Page 124 and 125: Use of fire data: The model can acc
Page 126 and 127: • Physical scale - This scale is
Page 128 and 129: • Free - elevator is idle Use of
Page 130 and 131: are applied to the entire populatio
Page 134 and 135: A.27 BFIRES-2 Developer: F. Stahl,
Page 136 and 137: types of subroutines consist of tho
Page 138 and 139: • Boundaries of room subdivisions
Page 140 and 141: Fire Influence Smoke Influence Prox
Page 142 and 143: Model Availability Unknown A.29 Mag
Page 144 and 145: A.30 E-SCAPE Developer: E. Reisser-
Page 146 and 147: affected by the movement of others,
Page 148 and 149: A.31 References 1. Nelson, H. E. (2
Page 150 and 151: 28. Barton, J. and Leather, J. (199
Page 152 and 153: 57. Gwynne, S., Galea, E. R., Lawre
Page 154 and 155: 86. Lo, S. M. & Fang, Z. (2000). A
Page 156: 115. Gwynne, S. & Galea, E. R. (200
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