RARE EARTHS 101 - Avalon Rare Metals
RARE EARTHS 101 - Avalon Rare Metals
RARE EARTHS 101 - Avalon Rare Metals
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<strong>RARE</strong> EARTH ApplicATionS<br />
<strong>Rare</strong> earths are used in everyday products to produce energy, reduce energy consumption,<br />
increase energy efficiency and advance lifestyle consumer and medical products.<br />
Energy<br />
production<br />
Energy<br />
Reduction<br />
Energy<br />
Efficiency<br />
lifestyle<br />
products<br />
Petroleum Refining<br />
UV Filters in Glass<br />
Electric / Hybrid<br />
Vehicles<br />
Color Screens<br />
La Ce Nd Sm<br />
Y<br />
Eu<br />
Tb<br />
High-Powered<br />
Electric Motors<br />
Reducing Fuel<br />
Consumption<br />
Rechargeable<br />
Batteries<br />
Hardware<br />
Components<br />
Nd Dy Tb Nd La Nd<br />
Electric / Hybrid<br />
Vehicles<br />
Lighter Vehicles<br />
Energy-Efficient<br />
Lighting<br />
Medical<br />
Services<br />
La<br />
Dy<br />
Eu<br />
Tb<br />
Ce<br />
Nd<br />
Gd<br />
Wind Turbines<br />
Smaller, Lighter<br />
Electric Motors<br />
Ce<br />
Y<br />
La<br />
Nd Dy Tb Nd Dy<br />
Tb<br />
<strong>RARE</strong> EARTH pERmAnEnT<br />
mAGnETS (REpms)<br />
are much more powerful<br />
than alternatives, providing<br />
better performance with a<br />
smaller size, which has led to<br />
many miniaturization applications.<br />
REPMs have been advanced by neodymium,<br />
dysprosium, samarium, praseodymium and<br />
terbium.<br />
ElEcTRic moToRS<br />
are made more energy<br />
efficient, lighter weight,<br />
quieter and smaller with<br />
REPMs. These motors are<br />
typically used in washers,<br />
dryers, vacuum cleaners and<br />
compressors.<br />
W i n d T u R B i n E<br />
power generation is directly<br />
proportional to the sweep<br />
area of the blades and the<br />
cube of wind speed. As a<br />
result wind turbines are being<br />
deployed in remote areas, such as<br />
offshore, where wind speeds are greater. Wind<br />
turbine blade spans are also getting larger and<br />
overall assemblies taller.<br />
Direct drive turbine generators use REPMs<br />
and eliminate the need for a gearbox<br />
No gearbox means a simplified turbine<br />
drivetrain, reduced energy losses and<br />
decreased maintenance costs<br />
Approximately 600 – 900 kg of REPMs<br />
are needed per megawatt of wind turbine<br />
capacity, of which 25-30% is REE