Introduction to Enzyme and Coenzyme Chemistry - E-Library Home

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All Enzymes are Proteins 27 aa 8 aa 1 aa 4 aa 12 aa 11 aa 5 aa 7 α-helix aa 9 aa 2 aa 3 aa 10 aa 6 Draw helical wheels for the following synthetic peptides, which were designed to form a-helices with speciWc functions. Suggest what that function might be. (a) Gly–Glu–Leu–Glu–Glu–Leu–Leu–Lys–Lys–Leu–Lys–Glu–Leu–Leu– Lys–Gly (b) Leu–Ala–Lys–Leu–Leu– Lys–Ala–Leu–Ala–Lys–Leu– Leu–Lys–Lys Inspired by the above examples, suggest a synthetic peptide which would fold into an a-helix containing aspartate, histidine and serine side chains in a line along one face of the helix. Further reading Protein structure C. Branden & J. Tooze (1991) Introduction to Protein Structure. Garland, New York. C. Chothia (1984) Principles that determine the structure of proteins. Annu. Rev. Biochem., 53, 537–72. T.E. Creighton (1993) Proteins – Structures and Molecular Properties, 2nd edn. Freeman, New York. G.E. Schulz & R.H. Schirmer (1979) Principles of Protein Structure. Springer-Verlag, New York. Protein folding R. Jaenicke (1991) Protein folding: local structures, domains, subunits and assemblies. Biochemistry, 30, 3147–61. C.R. Matthews (1993) Pathways of protein folding. Annu. Rev. Biochem., 62, 653–83. M.G. Rossmann & P. Argos (1981) Protein folding. Annu. Rev. Biochem., 50, 497–532. Protein evolution M. Bajaj & T. Blundell (1984) Evolution and the tertiary structure of proteins. Annu. Rev. Biophys. Bioeng., 13, 453–92. R. F. Doolittle (1979) Protein evolution. In: The Proteins (eds H. Neurath & R.L. Hill), Vol. 4, pp. 1–118. Academic Press, New York.
28 Chapter 2 Metalloproteins I. Bertini, H.B. Gray, S.J. Lippard & J.S. Valentine (1994) Bio-inorganic Chemistry. University Science Books, Mill Valley, California. Biological membranes J.B.C. Findlay & W.H. Evans (1987) Biological Membranes – A Practical Approach. IRL Press, Oxford. R.G. Gennis (1989) Biomembranes: Molecular Structure and Function. Springer-Verlag, New York. Glycoproteins T.W. Rademacher, R.B. Parekh & R.A. Dwek (1988) Glycobiology. Annu. Rev. Biochem., 57, 785–838. Y.C. Lee & R.T. Lee (1995) Carbohydrate-protein interactions: the basis of glycobiology. Acc. Chem. Res., 28, 321–7.
Page 1 and 2: Introduction to Enzyme and Coenzyme
Page 4 and 5: Introduction to Enzyme and Coenzyme
Page 6 and 7: Contents Preface Representation of
Page 8: Contents vii 8 Enzymatic Addition/E
Page 11 and 12: Representation of Protein Three-Dim
Page 13 and 14: 2 Chapter 1 H 2 N O NH 2 + H 2 O Ja
Page 15 and 16: 4 Chapter 1 Table 1.1 The vitamins.
Page 17 and 18: 6 Chapter 1 has very diVerent biolo
Page 19 and 20: 2 All Enzymes are Proteins 2.1 Intr
Page 21 and 22: 10 Chapter 2 (Gln). There are three
Page 23 and 24: 12 Chapter 2 AAA Lys ACA Thr AGA Ar
Page 25 and 26: 14 Chapter 2 H N O H N O Figure 2.8
Page 27 and 28: 16 Chapter 2 (a) (b) Figure 2.12 St
Page 29 and 30: 18 Chapter 2 Figure 2.14 Structure
Page 31 and 32: 20 Chapter 2 (a) X Y Enzyme + Subst
Page 33 and 34: 22 Chapter 2 maintaining protein te
Page 35 and 36: 24 Chapter 2 surface glycoprotein g
Page 37: 26 Chapter 2 O-linked glycosylation
Page 41 and 42: 30 Chapter 3 O N H R CO 2 H acylase
Page 43 and 44: 32 Chapter 3 (a) Free energy uncata
Page 45 and 46: 34 Chapter 3 Ester k rel Effective
Page 47 and 48: 36 Chapter 3 3.4 The importance of
Page 49 and 50: 38 Chapter 3 pKa Tyrosine CH 2 O H
Page 51 and 52: 40 Chapter 3 glycoside hydrolysis (
Page 53 and 54: 42 Chapter 3 O O Glu 143 O − R H
Page 55 and 56: 44 Chapter 3 the hydroxyl groups of
Page 57 and 58: 46 Chapter 3 E + S E + S ES' ES ‘
Page 59 and 60: 48 Chapter 3 Examination of protein
Page 61 and 62: 50 Chapter 3 (Note: Similar results
Page 63 and 64: 52 Chapter 4 (1) Direct UV (2) Radi
Page 65 and 66: 54 Chapter 4 Figure 4.3 PuriWcation
Page 67 and 68: 56 Chapter 4 The two kinetic consta
Page 69 and 70: 58 Chapter 4 Lineweaver−Burk Plot
Page 71 and 72: 60 Chapter 4 E + S K i EI+ I ES E +
Page 73 and 74: 62 Chapter 4 (2) by treatment with
Page 75 and 76: 64 Chapter 4 In general the stereoc
Page 77 and 78: H D T CO 2 H CO − 2 T HO D H −
Page 79 and 80: 68 Chapter 4 4.5 The existence of i
Page 81 and 82: 70 Chapter 4 18O 18O 18 O O P O −
Page 83 and 84: 72 Chapter 4 If a reaction involves
Page 85 and 86: 74 Chapter 4 O D H ketosteroid isom
Page 87 and 88: 76 Chapter 4 Table 4.3 Group speciW
Page 89 and 90:
78 Chapter 4 [S] (mM) Rate of produ
Page 91 and 92:
80 Chapter 4 Enzyme kinetics I.H. S
Page 93 and 94:
82 Chapter 5 O = C NHR peptidase H
Page 95 and 96:
84 Chapter 5 non-speciWc protease c
Page 97 and 98:
86 Chapter 5 His 57 His 57 Asp 102
Page 99 and 100:
88 Chapter 5 Other serine proteases
Page 101 and 102:
90 Chapter 5 Figure 5.8 Structure o
Page 103 and 104:
92 Chapter 5 now predominate Perhap
Page 105 and 106:
OH R O Zn 2+ O O O Ph Glu 270 H 2 N
Page 107 and 108:
96 Chapter 5 CASE STUDY: HIV-1 prot
Page 109 and 110:
98 Chapter 5 HO Transition state pe
Page 111 and 112:
100 Chapter 5 The aminoacyl group o
Page 113 and 114:
102 Chapter 5 5.5 Enzymatic phospho
Page 115 and 116:
104 Chapter 5 Figure 5.29 Structure
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
108 Chapter 5 Adenosine 5 0 -tripho
Page 121 and 122:
110 Chapter 5 functional group. Gly
Page 123 and 124:
112 Chapter 5 CH 2 OH O RO HO OH O
Page 125 and 126:
114 Chapter 5 to these atoms that t
Page 127 and 128:
116 Chapter 5 Problems (1) Using pa
Page 129 and 130:
118 Chapter 5 (6) Retaining glycosi
Page 131 and 132:
120 Chapter 5 J.R. Knowles (1980) E
Page 133 and 134:
122 Chapter 6 +1.0 Redox potential
Page 135 and 136:
Table 6.1 Classes of redox enzymes.
Page 137 and 138:
126 Chapter 6 An important point is
Page 139 and 140:
128 Chapter 6 O H − OH − O OH H
Page 141 and 142:
130 Chapter 6 one-electron transfer
Page 143 and 144:
132 Chapter 6 (a) R N H + N O R N H
Page 145 and 146:
134 Chapter 6 Inactivation by trany
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
138 Chapter 6 (a) (b) Figure 6.23 S
Page 151 and 152:
140 Chapter 6 glutathione called tr
Page 153 and 154:
142 Chapter 6 neither has a stable
Page 155 and 156:
144 Chapter 6 of the haem cofactor
Page 157 and 158:
146 Chapter 6 Figure 6.33 Active si
Page 159 and 160:
148 Chapter 6 HO H N N O O H N prol
Page 161 and 162:
150 Chapter 6 R R R O 2 , Fe 2+ O O
Page 163 and 164:
152 Chapter 6 CoA. Explain these re
Page 165 and 166:
154 Chapter 6 NADH models O. Almars
Page 167 and 168:
7 Enzymatic Carbon-Carbon Bond Form
Page 169 and 170:
158 Chapter 7 O H − OH O − O H
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
162 Chapter 7 Figure 7.6 Active sit
Page 175 and 176:
164 Chapter 7 7.3 Claisen enzymes I
Page 177 and 178:
166 Chapter 7 CoAS O EnzB − H D T
Page 179 and 180:
168 Chapter 7 onto the acetyl-thioe
Page 181 and 182:
170 Chapter 7 In the case of erythr
Page 183 and 184:
172 Chapter 7 O HO O − O ATP ADP
Page 185 and 186:
174 Chapter 7 CO 2 − vitamin K-de
Page 187 and 188:
176 Chapter 7 7.8 Thiamine pyrophos
Page 189 and 190:
178 Chapter 7 HN N + N H NH S O OPP
Page 191 and 192:
180 Chapter 7 O OH OH camphor geran
Page 193 and 194:
182 Chapter 7 CH 3 * OPP (−)pinen
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
186 Chapter 7 C C C C C O OCH 3 C H
Page 199 and 200:
188 Chapter 7 AcO HO HO NHAc O OH +
Page 201 and 202:
190 Chapter 7 (9) Usnic acid is a n
Page 203 and 204:
192 Chapter 7 Radical couplings W.M
Page 205 and 206:
194 Chapter 8 C-O cleavage H E1 H C
Page 207 and 208:
196 Chapter 8 leads to the formatio
Page 209 and 210:
198 Chapter 8 aconitase citrate cis
Page 211 and 212:
200 Chapter 8 *H R H H CO 2 − NH
Page 213 and 214:
202 Chapter 8 EnzB − 2 H − O 2
Page 215 and 216:
204 Chapter 8 involves no change in
Page 217 and 218:
206 Chapter 8 Glyphosate H H N CO
Page 219 and 220:
208 Chapter 8 (5) Chorismic acid (s
Page 221 and 222:
9 Enzymatic Transformations of Amin
Page 223 and 224:
CO − − 2 CO 2 H H CO 2 − N +
Page 225 and 226:
214 Chapter 9 - BEnz CO − 2 Cl H
Page 227 and 228:
216 Chapter 9 Arg 292 Arg 292 Lys 2
Page 229 and 230:
218 Chapter 9 Arg 292 Asp 292 HN H
Page 231 and 232:
220 Chapter 9 S − B 1 Enz H − C
Page 233 and 234:
222 Chapter 9 9.6 N-Pyruvoyl-depend
Page 235 and 236:
224 Chapter 9 The biosyntheses of n
Page 237 and 238:
226 Chapter 9 Further reading Gener
Page 239 and 240:
228 Chapter 10 B 1 - H + NH 3 CO
Page 241 and 242:
230 Chapter 10 ‘low-barrier’ +
Page 243 and 244:
232 Chapter 10 H S C 6 H 13 HN His
Page 245 and 246:
234 Chapter 10 O H NH 3 CO 2 − CO
Page 247 and 248:
236 Chapter 10 sub-units. Each sub-
Page 249 and 250:
238 Chapter 10 Further reading Gene
Page 251 and 252:
11 Radicals in Enzyme Catalysis 11.
Page 253 and 254:
242 Chapter 11 CH 2 Co III Ad H OH
Page 255 and 256:
244 Chapter 11 − O 2 C − O CO
Page 257 and 258:
246 Chapter 11 H N H O 734 H N H PF
Page 259 and 260:
248 Chapter 11 H H* + H + H 3 N CO
Page 261 and 262:
250 Chapter 11 O HN NH + H 3 N H 3
Page 263 and 264:
252 Chapter 11 cofactor is involved
Page 265 and 266:
254 Chapter 11 Protein Radicals J.
Page 267 and 268:
256 Chapter 12 self-splicing reacti
Page 269 and 270:
258 Chapter 12 Figure 12.2 Structur
Page 271 and 272:
260 Chapter 12 antigen combining si
Page 273 and 274:
262 Chapter 12 R O OR' OH − R O
Page 275 and 276:
264 Chapter 12 CO 2 − − O 2 C O
Page 277 and 278:
266 Chapter 12 (1) Selective substr
Page 279 and 280:
268 Chapter 12 HO O HO OH HO OH O O
Page 281 and 282:
270 Chapter 12 Problems (1) How rev
Page 283 and 284:
Appendix 1: Cahn-Ingold-Prelog Rule
Page 285 and 286:
Appendix 2: Amino Acid Abbreviation
Page 287 and 288:
276 Appendix 3 Preparation of orang
Page 289 and 290:
278 Appendix 4 (2) Intramolecular a
Page 291 and 292:
280 Appendix 4 from water at a-posi
Page 293 and 294:
282 Appendix 4 Chapter 8 (1) Treat
Page 295 and 296:
284 Appendix 4 (b) Formation of rad
Page 297 and 298:
286 Index b-hydroxydecanoyl thioest
Page 299 and 300:
288 Index glycosylation 26-7 glysop
Page 301 and 302:
290 Index phenylalanine ammonia lya
Page 303:
292 Index transition states 31-2 an
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