Introduction to Enzyme and Coenzyme Chemistry - E-Library Home

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Index 291 riboflavin 123, 129, 141 ribonuclease A 104–7 ribonucleic acid see RNA ribonucleotide reductase 244–5 ribosomes 11, 258–9 ribozymes 255–9 ribulose biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) 171–3 RNA catalytic 255–9 cleavage 104–6 types 11, 255 Rubisco 171–3 S-adenosyl homocysteine 113 S-adenosyl homocysteine hydrolase 207 S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) 112–13, 246 S-adenosyl methionine (SAM)-dependent radical reactions 246–9 salutaridine sythase 185 sarin 116 scurvy 148 secondary deuterium isotope effect 73–4 secondary metabolites 156 secondary structures, proteins 13–16 selectivity defined 30 enzyme-substrate interactions 19–22 prochiral 62–7 self-splicing reaction 255–7 sequence alignment 12–13 serine hydroxymethyltransferase 114–15, 215, 220–21 serine proteases 84–9 evolution 90–91 inhibition 86–7 serotonin 214–15 shikimate pathway 193 side chains 8–10 nucleophilic catalysis 43 sinapyl alcohol 186 site-directed mutagenesis 2, 77 specific activity 53 specificity defined 30 glycosidase enzymes 110 phosphodiesterases 104–5 steady state approximation 55 stereochemical course of reactions 60–68 at glycosyl centre 111–12 chiral products 61–2 of phosphate release 67 prochiral selectivity 62–7 pyruvate carboxylase reaction 172 stereochemical nomenclature 272–3 stereoselectivity defined 61 hydrolysis 30 stereospecificity, defined 51 stopped flow 59–60, 68 strain energy and catalysis 45–6, 111 structure and function of enzymes 19–26 strychnine 222, 223, 224 subtilisin 88 sucrose phosphorylase 112 sulochrin oxidase 185 sulphur insertion reactions 249–50 superoxide dismutase 19 synthetic enzyme models 265–70 tautomerases, keto-enol 230–31 taxol 5 terpene cyclases 179–83 terpenes 179–80 tertiary structures, protein 16–19 tetrahydrofolate 113–14, 220 Tetrahymena thermophila ribozyme 255–7 thalidomide 6 thermodynamic model of catalysis 31 thermolysin 42, 92, 93, 94 thiamine 3, 250 thiamine pyrophoshate (TPP) 176, 178, 179 thiamine pyrophosphate-dependent enzymes 176–9 thio-uridine 250 threonine b-epimerase 224 threonine dehydratase 218–19 thymine hydroxylase 153 TPQ 251 trans-2-phenylcylcopropylamine 132 transamination of amino acids 214, 215–18 transcarboxylase 188 transfer reactions acyl group 99–102 glycosyl group 109 methyl group 112–13 methylene and methyne groups 113–15 phosphoryl group 102–6 transketolase enzymes 179
292 Index transition states 31–2 analysis of 71–5 in enzymatic reactions 71–5 stabilisation 32, 36–7, 259 transpeptidase enzymes 101 tranylcypromine 132 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine quinone (TPQ) 251 trypanothione reductase (TR) 139–41 trypsin 85, 88 tryptophylquinone (TTQ) 251–2 tunnelling, hydrogen 73 turnover number 53–4, 56, 59 tyrosyl radical 244–5, 246 UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine 206 universal genetic code 11, 12 urease 2 uridine diphosphate (UDP) 112 usnic acid 190 UV assay 51–3 Van der Waals interactions 21 vitamin B 6 211–12 vitamin B 12 113, 241, 252 radical rearrangements 240–44 vitamin C 3, 148 vitamin K-dependent carboxylase 173–6 vitamins and coenzymes 3, 4 water, addition and elimination of 193–9 X-ray crystallography 17, 77, 85 zinc ion 22–3 and alcohol dehydrogenase 63 and alkaline phosphotase 103–4 and Lewis acids 41–2 and metalloproteases 92, 95
Page 1 and 2:
Introduction to Enzyme and Coenzyme
Page 4 and 5:
Introduction to Enzyme and Coenzyme
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Contents Preface Representation of
Page 8:
Contents vii 8 Enzymatic Addition/E
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Representation of Protein Three-Dim
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2 Chapter 1 H 2 N O NH 2 + H 2 O Ja
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4 Chapter 1 Table 1.1 The vitamins.
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6 Chapter 1 has very diVerent biolo
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2 All Enzymes are Proteins 2.1 Intr
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10 Chapter 2 (Gln). There are three
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12 Chapter 2 AAA Lys ACA Thr AGA Ar
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14 Chapter 2 H N O H N O Figure 2.8
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16 Chapter 2 (a) (b) Figure 2.12 St
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18 Chapter 2 Figure 2.14 Structure
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20 Chapter 2 (a) X Y Enzyme + Subst
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22 Chapter 2 maintaining protein te
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24 Chapter 2 surface glycoprotein g
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26 Chapter 2 O-linked glycosylation
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28 Chapter 2 Metalloproteins I. Ber
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30 Chapter 3 O N H R CO 2 H acylase
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32 Chapter 3 (a) Free energy uncata
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34 Chapter 3 Ester k rel Effective
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36 Chapter 3 3.4 The importance of
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38 Chapter 3 pKa Tyrosine CH 2 O H
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40 Chapter 3 glycoside hydrolysis (
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42 Chapter 3 O O Glu 143 O − R H
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44 Chapter 3 the hydroxyl groups of
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46 Chapter 3 E + S E + S ES' ES ‘
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48 Chapter 3 Examination of protein
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50 Chapter 3 (Note: Similar results
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52 Chapter 4 (1) Direct UV (2) Radi
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54 Chapter 4 Figure 4.3 PuriWcation
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56 Chapter 4 The two kinetic consta
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58 Chapter 4 Lineweaver−Burk Plot
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60 Chapter 4 E + S K i EI+ I ES E +
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62 Chapter 4 (2) by treatment with
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64 Chapter 4 In general the stereoc
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H D T CO 2 H CO − 2 T HO D H −
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68 Chapter 4 4.5 The existence of i
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70 Chapter 4 18O 18O 18 O O P O −
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72 Chapter 4 If a reaction involves
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74 Chapter 4 O D H ketosteroid isom
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76 Chapter 4 Table 4.3 Group speciW
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78 Chapter 4 [S] (mM) Rate of produ
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80 Chapter 4 Enzyme kinetics I.H. S
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82 Chapter 5 O = C NHR peptidase H
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84 Chapter 5 non-speciWc protease c
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86 Chapter 5 His 57 His 57 Asp 102
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88 Chapter 5 Other serine proteases
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90 Chapter 5 Figure 5.8 Structure o
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92 Chapter 5 now predominate Perhap
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OH R O Zn 2+ O O O Ph Glu 270 H 2 N
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96 Chapter 5 CASE STUDY: HIV-1 prot
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98 Chapter 5 HO Transition state pe
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100 Chapter 5 The aminoacyl group o
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102 Chapter 5 5.5 Enzymatic phospho
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Page 119 and 120:
108 Chapter 5 Adenosine 5 0 -tripho
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110 Chapter 5 functional group. Gly
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112 Chapter 5 CH 2 OH O RO HO OH O
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114 Chapter 5 to these atoms that t
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116 Chapter 5 Problems (1) Using pa
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118 Chapter 5 (6) Retaining glycosi
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120 Chapter 5 J.R. Knowles (1980) E
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122 Chapter 6 +1.0 Redox potential
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Table 6.1 Classes of redox enzymes.
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126 Chapter 6 An important point is
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128 Chapter 6 O H − OH − O OH H
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130 Chapter 6 one-electron transfer
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132 Chapter 6 (a) R N H + N O R N H
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134 Chapter 6 Inactivation by trany
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Page 149 and 150:
138 Chapter 6 (a) (b) Figure 6.23 S
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140 Chapter 6 glutathione called tr
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142 Chapter 6 neither has a stable
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144 Chapter 6 of the haem cofactor
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146 Chapter 6 Figure 6.33 Active si
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148 Chapter 6 HO H N N O O H N prol
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150 Chapter 6 R R R O 2 , Fe 2+ O O
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152 Chapter 6 CoA. Explain these re
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154 Chapter 6 NADH models O. Almars
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7 Enzymatic Carbon-Carbon Bond Form
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158 Chapter 7 O H − OH O − O H
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162 Chapter 7 Figure 7.6 Active sit
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164 Chapter 7 7.3 Claisen enzymes I
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166 Chapter 7 CoAS O EnzB − H D T
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168 Chapter 7 onto the acetyl-thioe
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170 Chapter 7 In the case of erythr
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172 Chapter 7 O HO O − O ATP ADP
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174 Chapter 7 CO 2 − vitamin K-de
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176 Chapter 7 7.8 Thiamine pyrophos
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178 Chapter 7 HN N + N H NH S O OPP
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180 Chapter 7 O OH OH camphor geran
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182 Chapter 7 CH 3 * OPP (−)pinen
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186 Chapter 7 C C C C C O OCH 3 C H
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188 Chapter 7 AcO HO HO NHAc O OH +
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190 Chapter 7 (9) Usnic acid is a n
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192 Chapter 7 Radical couplings W.M
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194 Chapter 8 C-O cleavage H E1 H C
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196 Chapter 8 leads to the formatio
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198 Chapter 8 aconitase citrate cis
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200 Chapter 8 *H R H H CO 2 − NH
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202 Chapter 8 EnzB − 2 H − O 2
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204 Chapter 8 involves no change in
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206 Chapter 8 Glyphosate H H N CO
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208 Chapter 8 (5) Chorismic acid (s
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9 Enzymatic Transformations of Amin
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CO − − 2 CO 2 H H CO 2 − N +
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214 Chapter 9 - BEnz CO − 2 Cl H
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216 Chapter 9 Arg 292 Arg 292 Lys 2
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218 Chapter 9 Arg 292 Asp 292 HN H
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220 Chapter 9 S − B 1 Enz H − C
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222 Chapter 9 9.6 N-Pyruvoyl-depend
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224 Chapter 9 The biosyntheses of n
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226 Chapter 9 Further reading Gener
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228 Chapter 10 B 1 - H + NH 3 CO
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230 Chapter 10 ‘low-barrier’ +
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232 Chapter 10 H S C 6 H 13 HN His
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234 Chapter 10 O H NH 3 CO 2 − CO
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236 Chapter 10 sub-units. Each sub-
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238 Chapter 10 Further reading Gene
Page 251 and 252: 11 Radicals in Enzyme Catalysis 11.
Page 253 and 254: 242 Chapter 11 CH 2 Co III Ad H OH
Page 255 and 256: 244 Chapter 11 − O 2 C − O CO
Page 257 and 258: 246 Chapter 11 H N H O 734 H N H PF
Page 259 and 260: 248 Chapter 11 H H* + H + H 3 N CO
Page 261 and 262: 250 Chapter 11 O HN NH + H 3 N H 3
Page 263 and 264: 252 Chapter 11 cofactor is involved
Page 265 and 266: 254 Chapter 11 Protein Radicals J.
Page 267 and 268: 256 Chapter 12 self-splicing reacti
Page 269 and 270: 258 Chapter 12 Figure 12.2 Structur
Page 271 and 272: 260 Chapter 12 antigen combining si
Page 273 and 274: 262 Chapter 12 R O OR' OH − R O
Page 275 and 276: 264 Chapter 12 CO 2 − − O 2 C O
Page 277 and 278: 266 Chapter 12 (1) Selective substr
Page 279 and 280: 268 Chapter 12 HO O HO OH HO OH O O
Page 281 and 282: 270 Chapter 12 Problems (1) How rev
Page 283 and 284: Appendix 1: Cahn-Ingold-Prelog Rule
Page 285 and 286: Appendix 2: Amino Acid Abbreviation
Page 287 and 288: 276 Appendix 3 Preparation of orang
Page 289 and 290: 278 Appendix 4 (2) Intramolecular a
Page 291 and 292: 280 Appendix 4 from water at a-posi
Page 293 and 294: 282 Appendix 4 Chapter 8 (1) Treat
Page 295 and 296: 284 Appendix 4 (b) Formation of rad
Page 297 and 298: 286 Index b-hydroxydecanoyl thioest
Page 299 and 300: 288 Index glycosylation 26-7 glysop
Page 301: 290 Index phenylalanine ammonia lya
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