Haase_UZ_x007E_DTh (2).pdf - South African Theological Seminary
Haase_UZ_x007E_DTh (2).pdf - South African Theological Seminary Haase_UZ_x007E_DTh (2).pdf - South African Theological Seminary
why do they continue to write books and talk about it. They are obviously making some claims -- and if not, then they literally have nothing to say and no objection to [the rational] employment of the classical canons of logic (Craig, 1995:82). In the postmodern cultural climate, the strong differentiation between moral thesis and antithesis are unacceptable. Take for example the controversy surrounding homosexuality, the ordination of [practicing] homosexuals, and same-sex marriage. The disestablishment of Christianity, coupled with postmodern relativism and pluralism, has made for a society in which personal choices are more important than truth -- following Rorty’s contentions. So-called Christian truths are no longer widely accepted in ‘free’ Western societies. Even in many churches, biblical imperatives and dogmas are less important and acceptable than personal choice and tolerance. The biblical concept of ‘love’ has been elevated far above the biblical concept of ‘truth.’ Even Muslims cannot understand what is happening in Western societies. Again, M. A. Muqtedar Khan: Suddenly perversion is an alternate lifestyle. God-consciousness for long understood as enlightenment is now bigotry and an indicator of social under-development. There is no absolute truth only contingent truths. Morality are conventions that work and justice is an option that enjoys political support. The self is no more the mystical domain where the spiritual and mundane merge. Life is no more the discovery and the perfection of that self. Today self is something you buy off a shelf (Khan, 2000). Another epistemological and cultural trait of postmodernity is that there is little or no difference between the natural and artificial experience, between substantiated knowledge and unsubstantiated perceptions of reality and truth. This notion of ‘de-realization’ can be traced back to Kierkegaard, Marx, and Nietzsche. The abstract phantom, what Kierkegaard called ‘the public,’ is the creation of the press, which is the medium by and through which reality is created for the masses. Nietzsche later talks about the dissolution of the distinction between the ‘real’ and the ‘apparent’ world (Nietzsche, 1954:485), arguing that the real world has been done away with, leaving only something in between, 70 University of Zululand, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
71 something akin to the virtual reality of contemporary [high-tech] life. It is interesting that Nietzsche describes this modernist trait well before the computer age. Lyotard also acknowledges the impact of computer technologies, which have also affected, as he calls it, the language game. He insists, “there is a strict inter-linkage between the kind of language called science and the kind called ethics and politics” (Lyotard 1984:8). Science, as such, is closely interwoven with government and information, and therefore participates in this ‘apparent’ world. As if Western societies were not materialistic enough already, postmodernism engenders and encourages an even deeper level of superficiality. “Image is everything,” and facades are encouraged. Life becomes a collage of inner fragmented experiences that mean little. Postmodern eclecticism embraces whatever the individual deems valuable. Fragmentation is perfectly acceptable, even if it means embracing only portions of concepts, making truth and morality artificial, or unreal. Magical realism, for example, is widely popular in the arts, where movies such as The Chronicles of Narnia, the Harry Potter series, and Lord of the Rings have been hugely popular in the West. In this postmodern, relativistic, eclectic, fragmented and nearly meaningless world, there is little need for a religion, like Christianity that deals with sin, because good and evil no longer exist. Sin is based upon [so-called] Christian truth, but is not the truth all people accept. Therefore, in ‘politically correct’ postmodern culture, there is only worse and better, and the relativists are not even sure of these. This truth relativism has deeply impacted the church, especially historic, mainline Protestantism, which still today is ensnared in synthesis, compromise, and accommodation, having lost its grip on the need for antithesis, truth and dogma, which are critical to the very existence of the church. As Francis Schaeffer argued so passionately: “Christianity demands antithesis, not as some abstract concept of truth, but in the fact that God exists, and in personal justification” (Schaeffer, 1990:47). As with all relativism, postmodern claims are self-defeating, self-contradictory and logically inconsistent. D.A. Carson said if “there is no objective truth that binds all cultures together and evaluates them, then epistemologically, there is only truth for the individual, or for the individual culture, or for the diverse interpreting communities found University of Zululand, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- Page 19 and 20: diminished” (Bosch, 2000:6). The
- Page 21 and 22: ‘god’ to keep and to save him.
- Page 23 and 24: Occultism flourished among the Brit
- Page 25 and 26: He was a passionate, powerful chara
- Page 27 and 28: 27 record reveals that the church o
- Page 29 and 30: 29 eliminating poverty, hunger and
- Page 31 and 32: may simply transform the nature and
- Page 33 and 34: Contrary to Christian notions that
- Page 35 and 36: 35 ‘modernize’ the nation. To b
- Page 37 and 38: 37 expression. This “first respon
- Page 39 and 40: 39 of his own awareness of God” (
- Page 41 and 42: 41 Existentialism understandably em
- Page 43 and 44: depends upon our decision makes our
- Page 45 and 46: group Socialisme et Liberte. During
- Page 47 and 48: 47 The Mind of Sartre Sartre’s vi
- Page 49 and 50: ethical absolutes (Craig, 1994:67).
- Page 51 and 52: 51 Chapter II Postmodernity: The Es
- Page 53 and 54: 53 Postmoderns promote individualis
- Page 55 and 56: meaning and language. The postmoder
- Page 57 and 58: pointed out that science, far from
- Page 59 and 60: 59 Ferdinand de Saussure at the tur
- Page 61 and 62: considers the Greek logos (i.e., λ
- Page 63 and 64: 63 models and then try not to subve
- Page 65 and 66: marginalized and to the historical
- Page 67 and 68: without essential foundations (Khan
- Page 69: maximum voluntary community agreeme
- Page 73 and 74: 73 During the 1960’s, Foucault wa
- Page 75 and 76: generally agreed that his views wer
- Page 77 and 78: had been trapped. Through Nietzsche
- Page 79 and 80: Foucault also seemed to delight in
- Page 81 and 82: elieve the conventions of modernity
- Page 83 and 84: 83 Will 'Po-Mod' Endure Ernst Gelln
- Page 85 and 86: 85 referentially incoherent. That i
- Page 87 and 88: 87 the second postmodern wave, whic
- Page 89 and 90: action. During the colonial period,
- Page 91 and 92: interpretation. It again gives sugg
- Page 93 and 94: 93 There are three basic forms of (
- Page 95 and 96: diverse immigrant populations becom
- Page 97 and 98: desperate population to believe tha
- Page 99 and 100: 99 but hardly in entirety. Keeping
- Page 101 and 102: salvation. Here again we see how Go
- Page 103 and 104: 103 and sick, conquered ignorance t
- Page 105 and 106: with relativism, pluralism and no a
- Page 107 and 108: 107 our first love -- Jesus Christ
- Page 109 and 110: 109 and the life. No one comes to t
- Page 111 and 112: Those who truly know Jesus Christ a
- Page 113 and 114: future was no longer heaven, but a
- Page 115 and 116: 115 An Apologetic Response Beyond t
- Page 117 and 118: uilding constructed on a shifting s
- Page 119 and 120: component of the overall package, b
71<br />
something akin to the virtual reality of contemporary [high-tech] life. It is interesting that<br />
Nietzsche describes this modernist trait well before the computer age. Lyotard also<br />
acknowledges the impact of computer technologies, which have also affected, as he calls<br />
it, the language game. He insists, “there is a strict inter-linkage between the kind of<br />
language called science and the kind called ethics and politics” (Lyotard 1984:8).<br />
Science, as such, is closely interwoven with government and information, and therefore<br />
participates in this ‘apparent’ world.<br />
As if Western societies were not materialistic enough already, postmodernism<br />
engenders and encourages an even deeper level of superficiality. “Image is everything,”<br />
and facades are encouraged. Life becomes a collage of inner fragmented experiences that<br />
mean little. Postmodern eclecticism embraces whatever the individual deems valuable.<br />
Fragmentation is perfectly acceptable, even if it means embracing only portions of<br />
concepts, making truth and morality artificial, or unreal. Magical realism, for example, is<br />
widely popular in the arts, where movies such as The Chronicles of Narnia, the Harry<br />
Potter series, and Lord of the Rings have been hugely popular in the West.<br />
In this postmodern, relativistic, eclectic, fragmented and nearly meaningless world,<br />
there is little need for a religion, like Christianity that deals with sin, because good and<br />
evil no longer exist. Sin is based upon [so-called] Christian truth, but is not the truth all<br />
people accept. Therefore, in ‘politically correct’ postmodern culture, there is only worse<br />
and better, and the relativists are not even sure of these. This truth relativism has deeply<br />
impacted the church, especially historic, mainline Protestantism, which still today is<br />
ensnared in synthesis, compromise, and accommodation, having lost its grip on the need<br />
for antithesis, truth and dogma, which are critical to the very existence of the church. As<br />
Francis Schaeffer argued so passionately: “Christianity demands antithesis, not as some<br />
abstract concept of truth, but in the fact that God exists, and in personal justification”<br />
(Schaeffer, 1990:47).<br />
As with all relativism, postmodern claims are self-defeating, self-contradictory and<br />
logically inconsistent. D.A. Carson said if “there is no objective truth that binds all<br />
cultures together and evaluates them, then epistemologically, there is only truth for the<br />
individual, or for the individual culture, or for the diverse interpreting communities found<br />
University of Zululand, KwaZulu-Natal, <strong>South</strong> Africa