WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants - travolekar.ru

<strong>WHO</strong> <strong>monographs</strong> on selected medicinal plants
phate, arachidonic acid or collagen, in which collagen-induced thromboxane
A 2
synthesis was also inhibited (42). In vivo, the plasma
prostacyclin level was reduced by 34.6% during a 30-min period after
intravenous administration of 50.0 mg/kg bw of berberine to rabbits.
These results suggest that berberine inhibits arachidonic acid metabolism
in rabbit platelets and endothelial cells at two or more sites: cyclooxygenase
in the arachidonic acid cascade and possibly the enzyme(s) for arachidonic
acid liberation from membrane phospholipids (42).
Antimicrobial activity
A methanol extract of the bark and berberine inhibited the growth of
Helicobacter pylori in vitro. Berberine inhibited the growth of 15 strains
of H. pylori, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 12.5 μg/ml
(range 0.78–25.0 μg/ml) (43). The antibacterial activity of berberine against
Staphylococcus aureus at a sub-inhibitory dose was potentiated by the flavones
chrysosplenol-D and chrysoplenetin, from Artemisia annua. The
potentiation is due to the inhibition of an S. aureus multidrug resistance
pump (44). Berberine had a minimum inhibitory concentration of 25–
50 μg/ml against S. aureus and Mycobacterium smegmatis (45, 46). The
antimicrobial activity of berberine was evaluated against 17 microorganisms
including two Gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
Escherichia coli (both resistant and sensitive), two Gram-positive bacteria,
Bacillus subtilis and S. aureus, Zoogloea ramigera, six filamentous
fungi, Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus niger, Aureobasidium pullulans
(black and white strain), Trichoderma viride (original green strain
and brown mutant), Fusarium nivale, Microsporum gypseum and two
yeasts, Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (47).
The results demonstrated that the minimum inhibitory concentration,
minimum microbicidal concentration and minimum microbistatic concentrations
varied considerably depending on the microorganism tested.
In general, the sensitivity of the microorganisms to berberine in decreasing
order was as follows: S. aureus > P. aeruginosa S (sensitive) > E. coli
(sensitive) > P. aeruginosa R (resistant) > E. coli (resistant) > B. subtilis
> Z. ramigera > C. albicans > S. cerevisiae > A. pullulans > T. viride
(brown) > M. gypseum > A. niger > F. nivale > P. chrysogenum
> T. viride (green).
Berberine weakly inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella
enteritidis in vitro at a concentration of 1 mg/ml and 0.5 mg/ml, respectively
(48). Berberine also weakly inhibited the growth of Clostridium
perfringens in vitro (150 μg/ml), and, at a concentration of 1.0 mg/ml,
weakly inhibited the growth of Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia
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